Total factor productivity in Spain
Spain: Total factor productivity was 1.04 in 2023. ▲ Rising
Latest (2023)
1.04
Change on year
up 1.0%
World rank
19th
of 120 countries
All-time high
1.17
in 1989
All-time low
0.5041
in 1954
Years of data
70
1954–2023
Total factor productivity in Spain, 1954–2023
Source: Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
Analysis
Spain recorded 1.04 for total factor productivity in 2023.
The figure is up 1.0% on the previous year and up 0.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, total factor productivity in Spain peaked at 1.17 in 1989 and was at its lowest, 0.5041, in 1954.
That places Spain 19th out of 120 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the top quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 70 years of available data.
Total factor productivity in Spain, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1954 | 0.5041 | — |
| 1955 | 0.5216 | +3.5% |
| 1956 | 0.5439 | +4.3% |
| 1957 | 0.5495 | +1.0% |
| 1958 | 0.5531 | +0.7% |
| 1959 | 0.5353 | -3.2% |
| 1960 | 0.5917 | +10.5% |
| 1961 | 0.6462 | +9.2% |
| 1962 | 0.6915 | +7.0% |
| 1963 | 0.7352 | +6.3% |
| 1964 | 0.759 | +3.2% |
| 1965 | 0.7829 | +3.1% |
| 1966 | 0.8073 | +3.1% |
| 1967 | 0.8089 | +0.2% |
| 1968 | 0.8419 | +4.1% |
| 1969 | 0.8885 | +5.5% |
| 1970 | 0.8882 | -0.0% |
| 1971 | 0.9009 | +1.4% |
| 1972 | 0.9389 | +4.2% |
| 1973 | 0.9666 | +2.9% |
| 1974 | 0.9809 | +1.5% |
| 1975 | 0.9676 | -1.4% |
| 1976 | 0.982 | +1.5% |
| 1977 | 0.996 | +1.4% |
| 1978 | 1.02 | +2.4% |
| 1979 | 1.03 | +1.4% |
| 1980 | 1.06 | +2.5% |
| 1981 | 1.07 | +0.9% |
| 1982 | 1.08 | +0.9% |
| 1983 | 1.09 | +1.5% |
| 1984 | 1.13 | +3.3% |
| 1985 | 1.15 | +1.6% |
| 1986 | 1.15 | +0.2% |
| 1987 | 1.16 | +0.6% |
| 1988 | 1.16 | +0.6% |
| 1989 | 1.17 | +0.3% |
| 1990 | 1.15 | -1.2% |
| 1991 | 1.14 | -1.0% |
| 1992 | 1.14 | +0.2% |
| 1993 | 1.14 | -0.4% |
| 1994 | 1.15 | +1.1% |
| 1995 | 1.15 | -0.3% |
| 1996 | 1.15 | -0.3% |
| 1997 | 1.14 | -0.8% |
| 1998 | 1.13 | -1.0% |
| 1999 | 1.11 | -1.0% |
| 2000 | 1.11 | -0.1% |
| 2001 | 1.11 | -0.6% |
| 2002 | 1.1 | -0.5% |
| 2003 | 1.09 | -0.7% |
| 2004 | 1.08 | -0.7% |
| 2005 | 1.08 | -0.5% |
| 2006 | 1.08 | -0.4% |
| 2007 | 1.07 | -0.2% |
| 2008 | 1.06 | -1.5% |
| 2009 | 1.04 | -1.3% |
| 2010 | 1.05 | +0.4% |
| 2011 | 1.04 | -0.3% |
| 2012 | 1.04 | -0.8% |
| 2013 | 1.03 | -0.5% |
| 2014 | 1.03 | +0.0% |
| 2015 | 1.04 | +1.2% |
| 2016 | 1.05 | +0.4% |
| 2017 | 1.05 | +0.4% |
| 2018 | 1.05 | -0.3% |
| 2019 | 1.04 | -0.3% |
| 2020 | 0.9898 | -5.3% |
| 2021 | 1 | +1.0% |
| 2022 | 1.03 | +2.5% |
| 2023 | 1.04 | +1.0% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 1.04 is above the median for high income countries, which is 0.994, 1.0× the median. (52 countries reporting)
- Spain's 1.04 is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.9969, 1.0× the median. (40 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950s | 0.5346 | 0.5041 | 0.5531 | 6 |
| 1960s | 0.7553 | 0.5917 | 0.8885 | 10 |
| 1970s | 0.9674 | 0.8882 | 1.03 | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.17 | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.11 | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.01 | 0.9898 | 1.04 | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
More economy & growth data for Spain
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 1.77 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 1.62 Percent per annum (2029)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 46.38 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0243 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 939.77 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled 28.09 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual -34.34 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0147 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 569.12 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 19.32 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is total factor productivity in Spain?
- Total factor productivity in Spain was 1.04 in 2023, according to Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest total factor productivity recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 1.17 in 1989.
- What is the lowest total factor productivity recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.5041 in 1954.
- How does Spain rank for total factor productivity?
- Spain ranks 19th out of 120 countries with data for 2023.
- Is total factor productivity rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is up 0.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Total factor productivity. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 70 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (Our World in Data).
About this data
This is the level of total factor productivity, relative to each country's value in 2021 (which is set to 1). This data is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.