R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)

European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020): R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD was 0.6802 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ▬ Flat

Latest (2024)
0.6802 Percentage of GDP
Change on year
down 1.2%
Rank
1st
of 1 regions
All-time high
0.7357 Percentage of GDP
in 2020
All-time low
0.6294 Percentage of GDP
in 2017
Years of data
25
2000–2024

R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), 2000–2024

00.20.40.60.82000201220242000: 0.673 Percentage of GDP2001: 0.69 Percentage of GDP2002: 0.695 Percentage of GDP2003: 0.695 Percentage of GDP2004: 0.658 Percentage of GDP2005: 0.662 Percentage of GDP2006: 0.639 Percentage of GDP2007: 0.641 Percentage of GDP2008: 0.675 Percentage of GDP2009: 0.729 Percentage of GDP2010: 0.707 Percentage of GDP2011: 0.683 Percentage of GDP2012: 0.657 Percentage of GDP2013: 0.662 Percentage of GDP2014: 0.649 Percentage of GDP2015: 0.634 Percentage of GDP2016: 0.631 Percentage of GDP2017: 0.629 Percentage of GDP2018: 0.632 Percentage of GDP2019: 0.655 Percentage of GDP2020: 0.736 Percentage of GDP2021: 0.723 Percentage of GDP2022: 0.696 Percentage of GDP2023: 0.688 Percentage of GDP2024: 0.68 Percentage of GDP

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.

Analysis

The most recent figure for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) is 0.6802 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2024.

That represents a change of down 1.2% on the previous year and up 4.8% over ten years.

Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) peaked at 0.7357 Percentage of GDP in 2020 and was at its lowest, 0.6294 Percentage of GDP, in 2017.

R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), year by year

Annual values for R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), 2000 to 2024.
Year Percentage of GDP Change
2000 0.6732 Percentage of GDP
2001 0.6897 Percentage of GDP +2.5%
2002 0.6948 Percentage of GDP +0.7%
2003 0.6949 Percentage of GDP +0.0%
2004 0.6577 Percentage of GDP -5.4%
2005 0.6617 Percentage of GDP +0.6%
2006 0.639 Percentage of GDP -3.4%
2007 0.6407 Percentage of GDP +0.3%
2008 0.6748 Percentage of GDP +5.3%
2009 0.7292 Percentage of GDP +8.1%
2010 0.7072 Percentage of GDP -3.0%
2011 0.6832 Percentage of GDP -3.4%
2012 0.6573 Percentage of GDP -3.8%
2013 0.6624 Percentage of GDP +0.8%
2014 0.6488 Percentage of GDP -2.1%
2015 0.6342 Percentage of GDP -2.3%
2016 0.6313 Percentage of GDP -0.5%
2017 0.6294 Percentage of GDP -0.3%
2018 0.6323 Percentage of GDP +0.5%
2019 0.6547 Percentage of GDP +3.5%
2020 0.7357 Percentage of GDP +12.4%
2021 0.7226 Percentage of GDP -1.8%
2022 0.6958 Percentage of GDP -3.7%
2023 0.6884 Percentage of GDP -1.1%
2024 0.6802 Percentage of GDP -1.2%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 0.6756 Percentage of GDP 0.639 Percentage of GDP 0.7292 Percentage of GDP 10
2010s 0.6541 Percentage of GDP 0.6294 Percentage of GDP 0.7072 Percentage of GDP 10
2020s 0.7045 Percentage of GDP 0.6802 Percentage of GDP 0.7357 Percentage of GDP 5

Countries ranked near European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)

  1. 1 Japan 1.37 Percentage of GDP compare
  2. 2 Iceland 1.04 Percentage of GDP compare
  3. 2 Slovenia 0.8144 Percentage of GDP compare
  4. 3 Estonia 0.7972 Percentage of GDP compare
  5. 3 Germany 1.04 Percentage of GDP compare
  6. 4 Netherlands 0.7958 Percentage of GDP compare
  7. 4 Finland 0.9054 Percentage of GDP compare

See the full ranking of 46 places →

More economy & growth data for European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)

All data for European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) →

Frequently asked questions

What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) was 0.6802 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
The highest recorded value was 0.7357 Percentage of GDP in 2020.
What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd recorded in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
The lowest recorded value was 0.6294 Percentage of GDP in 2017.
How does European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) ranks 1st out of 1 regions with data for 2024.
Is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd rising or falling in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)?
Over the last ten years it is up 4.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
Where does this European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) data come from?
The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020). Statizoid, drawing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 18 September 2026, from https://economy.statizoid.com/stat/r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-government-budget/european-union-27-countries-from-01-02-2020/

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About this data

Indicator
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD)
Unit
Percentage of GDP
Source
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Licence
OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)
Coverage
46 places, 1,055 data points, 2000–2024
Last refreshed

The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.