R&D personnel and researchers in business enterprise sector by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and sex (1980-2010) by country
Countries reporting
46
Highest
625,264 Full-time equivalent (FTE)
Japan
Lowest
300 Full-time equivalent (FTE)
Cyprus
Median
18,184 Full-time equivalent (FTE)
Years covered
31
1980–2010
Data points
991
What the numbers show
R&D personnel and researchers in business enterprise sector by NACE Rev. 1.1 activity and sex (1980-2010) is currently reported for 46 countries. The highest value is 625,264 Full-time equivalent (FTE) in Japan; the lowest is 300 Full-time equivalent (FTE) in Cyprus.
The median across all reporting countries is 18,184 Full-time equivalent (FTE), and the mean is 76,762 Full-time equivalent (FTE).
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2,084.
Over the past decade 33 countries rose and 13 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 1,386.7%), and the largest decrease in Romania (down 63.3%).
R&D personnel and researchers in business enterprise sector by NACE: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | 625,264 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 2 | Russia | 444,111 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 29.4% | falling |
| 2 | Russian Federation | 444,111 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 29.4% | falling |
| 4 | Germany | 340,000 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 5 | France | 226,051 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 31.8% | rising |
| 6 | South Korea | 208,428 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | up 167.7% | rising |
| 6 | Korea | 208,428 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | up 167.7% | rising |
| 8 | United Kingdom | 142,374 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 8 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 142,374 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 10 | Italy | 103,858 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 62.3% | rising |
| 11 | Spain | 92,221 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 96.0% | volatile |
| 12 | Sweden | 54,797 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 24.1% | rising |
| 13 | Netherlands | 51,650 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 13 | Netherlands | 51,650 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 15 | Switzerland | 39,832 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 16 | Austria | 39,716 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 94.8% | rising |
| 17 | Denmark | 34,174 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 44.0% | rising |
| 18 | Belgium | 32,691 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 19 | Türkiye | 31,476 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 460.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Finland | 30,559 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 21 | Czechia | 26,998 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 134.2% | rising |
| 22 | Poland | 18,424 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 0.9% | volatile |
| 22 | Poland | 18,424 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 0.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Norway | 17,944 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 34.8% | rising |
| 25 | Hungary | 14,999 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 131.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Portugal | 13,695 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 283.8% | volatile |
| 27 | Ireland | 12,194 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 39.8% | volatile |
| 28 | Greece | 11,562 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2007 | up 251.3% | volatile |
| 29 | Romania | 8,271 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 63.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Slovenia | 7,056 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 71.7% | rising |
| 30 | Slovenia | 7,056 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 71.7% | rising |
| 32 | Luxembourg | 3,289 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 33 | Slovakia | 3,230 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 37.5% | falling |
| 33 | Slovakia | 3,230 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 37.5% | falling |
| 35 | Bulgaria | 2,713 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 27.0% | volatile |
| 36 | Croatia | 2,610 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 36 | Croatia | 2,610 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 38 | Lithuania | 2,069 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 263.6% | volatile |
| 38 | Lithuania | 2,069 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 263.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Estonia | 1,939 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 365.0% | rising |
| 40 | Estonia | 1,939 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 365.0% | rising |
| 42 | Iceland | 1,577 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 64.1% | volatile |
| 43 | Latvia | 1,217 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 10.9% | rising |
| 43 | Latvia | 1,217 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | down 10.9% | rising |
| 45 | Malta | 669 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 1,386.7% | volatile |
| 46 | Cyprus | 300 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2010 | up 108.3% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- China except Hong Kong 1.40 million Full-time equivalent (FTE)
- European Union - 27 countries (2007-2013) 1.28 million Full-time equivalent (FTE)
- European Union - 15 countries (1995-2004) 1.19 million Full-time equivalent (FTE)
- Euro area - 17 countries (2011-2013) 974,269 Full-time equivalent (FTE)