Gross domestic product (GDP), per unit of GDP by country
Gross domestic product (GDP) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
180
Highest
7.07 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP
Syria
Lowest
0.3902 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP
South Sudan
Median
2.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP
Years covered
64
1960–2023
Data points
9,590
What the numbers show
Gross domestic product (GDP), per unit of GDP is currently reported for 180 countries. The highest value is 7.07 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP in Syria; the lowest is 0.3902 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP in South Sudan.
The median across all reporting countries is 2.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 2.16 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 18.
Over the past decade 74 countries rose and 106 fell. The largest increase was in Syria (up 151.2%), and the largest decrease in South Sudan (down 62.6%).
Gross domestic product (GDP), per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Syria | 7.07 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 151.2% | volatile |
| 2 | Myanmar | 5.94 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 42.8% | volatile |
| 3 | Egypt | 4.94 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.9% | falling |
| 4 | Turkmenistan | 4.62 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 55.4% | volatile |
| 5 | Kyrgyzstan | 4.61 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 2.0% | falling |
| 6 | Pakistan | 4.15 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 2.1% | volatile |
| 7 | Tajikistan | 4.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 6.8% | volatile |
| 8 | Laos | 4.07 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.6% | falling |
| 9 | Burundi | 3.97 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.1% | falling |
| 10 | Bhutan | 3.76 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 3.4% | falling |
| 11 | Sierra Leone | 3.75 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 96.7% | falling |
| 12 | Lebanon | 3.69 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 54.8% | rising |
| 13 | India | 3.68 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 7.4% | volatile |
| 14 | Nepal | 3.67 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 10.9% | falling |
| 15 | Belarus | 3.61 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 25.5% | falling |
| 16 | Sri Lanka | 3.48 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.2% | volatile |
| 17 | Ukraine | 3.42 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.2% | falling |
| 18 | Uzbekistan | 3.25 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 31.2% | falling |
| 19 | Gambia | 3.21 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.0% | volatile |
| 20 | Sudan | 3.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 27.7% | flat |
| 21 | Thailand | 3.19 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 7.9% | volatile |
| 22 | Madagascar | 3.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 10.6% | volatile |
| 23 | Bangladesh | 3.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 24.8% | volatile |
| 24 | Tunisia | 3.07 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.1% | falling |
| 25 | Vietnam | 3.02 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 12.1% | volatile |
| 26 | Suriname | 3.02 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 42.3% | falling |
| 27 | Uganda | 3 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 28.9% | volatile |
| 28 | Ethiopia | 2.99 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 29 | Niger | 2.96 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 26.6% | volatile |
| 30 | Rwanda | 2.96 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 6.8% | volatile |
| 31 | Kenya | 2.93 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.5% | volatile |
| 32 | Iran | 2.93 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 7.0% | volatile |
| 33 | Tanzania | 2.92 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 9.4% | falling |
| 34 | Azerbaijan | 2.91 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 8.6% | volatile |
| 35 | Georgia | 2.91 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 6.8% | falling |
| 36 | Equatorial Guinea | 2.86 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 19.0% | volatile |
| 37 | Indonesia | 2.86 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 8.6% | volatile |
| 38 | Nicaragua | 2.81 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.0% | volatile |
| 39 | Cameroon | 2.81 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 14.4% | volatile |
| 40 | Russia | 2.79 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 35.6% | falling |
| 41 | Malawi | 2.76 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 42 | Turkey | 2.74 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 33.0% | volatile |
| 43 | Mauritania | 2.72 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.2% | volatile |
| 44 | Algeria | 2.71 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 0.4% | volatile |
| 45 | Burkina Faso | 2.7 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.8% | volatile |
| 46 | Malaysia | 2.67 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 8.0% | volatile |
| 47 | Ghana | 2.67 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 2.1% | volatile |
| 48 | Kazakhstan | 2.66 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 18.0% | falling |
| 49 | Philippines | 2.66 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 0.4% | volatile |
| 50 | Togo | 2.66 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.4% | volatile |
| 51 | Zambia | 2.58 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 25.4% | volatile |
| 52 | North Macedonia | 2.57 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 53 | Mongolia | 2.56 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 16.8% | rising |
| 54 | Brunei | 2.56 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 2.0% | falling |
| 55 | Armenia | 2.54 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.6% | falling |
| 56 | Guinea-Bissau | 2.53 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 57 | Gabon | 2.53 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 30.0% | volatile |
| 58 | Mauritius | 2.51 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 13.4% | volatile |
| 59 | Lesotho | 2.51 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 10.0% | volatile |
| 60 | Congo | 2.51 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 25.2% | volatile |
| 61 | Colombia | 2.49 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 34.3% | volatile |
| 62 | Benin | 2.49 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 63 | Mozambique | 2.48 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 21.0% | falling |
| 64 | Mali | 2.47 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.3% | volatile |
| 65 | Djibouti | 2.44 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 13.5% | falling |
| 66 | Senegal | 2.42 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1.5% | volatile |
| 67 | Eswatini | 2.39 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 68 | Cambodia | 2.38 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 26.3% | falling |
| 69 | Paraguay | 2.38 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 7.9% | volatile |
| 70 | Botswana | 2.35 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.1% | volatile |
| 71 | Fiji | 2.35 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.0% | volatile |
| 72 | Morocco | 2.34 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 73 | Somalia | 2.33 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 74 | Cote d'Ivoire | 2.32 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 9.9% | volatile |
| 75 | Iraq | 2.3 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 15.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Namibia | 2.29 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 11.3% | falling |
| 77 | Guinea | 2.28 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 24.6% | rising |
| 78 | Chad | 2.28 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 28.9% | volatile |
| 79 | Bolivia | 2.26 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 16.4% | volatile |
| 80 | Comoros | 2.22 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 2.0% | falling |
| 81 | Central African Republic | 2.21 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.9% | volatile |
| 82 | Nigeria | 2.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.9% | volatile |
| 83 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2.2 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 7.6% | falling |
| 84 | Montenegro | 2.18 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 16.1% | falling |
| 85 | Dominican Republic | 2.17 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 7.2% | volatile |
| 86 | Angola | 2.14 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 18.4% | falling |
| 87 | Guyana | 2.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1.3% | falling |
| 88 | Guatemala | 2.12 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 14.0% | volatile |
| 89 | El Salvador | 2.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 8.9% | volatile |
| 90 | Sao Tome and Principe | 2.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 36.1% | falling |
| 91 | Ecuador | 2.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.7% | volatile |
| 92 | South Africa | 2.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.9% | volatile |
| 93 | Moldova | 2.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 33.2% | falling |
| 94 | Liberia | 2.08 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 26.4% | volatile |
| 95 | Oman | 2.08 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 23.3% | volatile |
| 96 | Yemen | 2.03 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2018 | down 46.5% | rising |
| 97 | Venezuela | 2.03 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2014 | down 17.7% | volatile |
| 98 | Honduras | 2 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.9% | volatile |
| 99 | Palestine | 1.99 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 3.1% | falling |
| 100 | Cape Verde | 1.98 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 1.6% | falling |
| 101 | Panama | 1.96 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 2.2% | falling |
| 102 | Argentina | 1.91 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 5.2% | rising |
| 103 | Albania | 1.91 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 26.4% | volatile |
| 104 | Romania | 1.9 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 17.1% | falling |
| 105 | Jordan | 1.89 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 27.8% | volatile |
| 106 | Bulgaria | 1.88 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 20.9% | falling |
| 107 | Poland | 1.87 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 10.3% | falling |
| 108 | Bahrain | 1.83 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 21.8% | volatile |
| 109 | Serbia | 1.83 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 24.3% | falling |
| 110 | Peru | 1.81 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.8% | volatile |
| 111 | Brazil | 1.8 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 22.1% | volatile |
| 112 | Haiti | 1.76 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 27.5% | volatile |
| 113 | Saint Lucia | 1.71 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 39.4% | volatile |
| 114 | China | 1.69 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 115 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1.69 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.5% | volatile |
| 116 | Croatia | 1.66 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.0% | falling |
| 117 | Qatar | 1.63 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 25.9% | volatile |
| 118 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1.62 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 12.9% | volatile |
| 119 | Dominica | 1.62 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 13.9% | volatile |
| 120 | Saudi Arabia | 1.61 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 40.5% | volatile |
| 121 | Kuwait | 1.61 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 22.7% | volatile |
| 122 | Belize | 1.6 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.2% | volatile |
| 123 | Hungary | 1.6 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 18.8% | volatile |
| 124 | South Korea | 1.58 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 11.0% | volatile |
| 125 | United Arab Emirates | 1.56 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 27.7% | falling |
| 126 | Chile | 1.54 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 7.3% | volatile |
| 127 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1.54 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.8% | volatile |
| 128 | Latvia | 1.52 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 10.0% | falling |
| 129 | Lithuania | 1.48 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 20.2% | falling |
| 130 | Maldives | 1.47 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 44.5% | volatile |
| 131 | Costa Rica | 1.47 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Mexico | 1.45 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 23.5% | volatile |
| 133 | Greece | 1.45 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 13.8% | volatile |
| 134 | Zimbabwe | 1.41 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 36.0% | volatile |
| 135 | Czechia | 1.4 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 18.0% | volatile |
| 136 | Spain | 1.35 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 6.8% | volatile |
| 137 | Grenada | 1.34 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 18.8% | falling |
| 138 | Slovakia | 1.32 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 18.3% | volatile |
| 139 | Seychelles | 1.32 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 32.1% | volatile |
| 140 | Portugal | 1.31 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.8% | volatile |
| 141 | Aruba | 1.31 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 33.6% | falling |
| 142 | Italy | 1.3 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 12.5% | volatile |
| 143 | Slovenia | 1.29 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 8.9% | falling |
| 144 | Curacao | 1.27 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 145 | Japan | 1.26 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 16.6% | volatile |
| 146 | Jamaica | 1.25 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 29.3% | volatile |
| 147 | Estonia | 1.23 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 25.7% | falling |
| 148 | Ireland | 1.21 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 2.3% | volatile |
| 149 | Singapore | 1.17 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 18.6% | volatile |
| 150 | France | 1.16 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Hong Kong | 1.15 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 42.5% | volatile |
| 152 | Uruguay | 1.14 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 9.7% | volatile |
| 153 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1.13 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 19.0% | volatile |
| 154 | Netherlands | 1.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 6.9% | volatile |
| 155 | Germany | 1.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 3.7% | volatile |
| 156 | Austria | 1.11 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 6.9% | volatile |
| 157 | Malta | 1.1 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 10.0% | volatile |
| 158 | Sweden | 1.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 22.5% | volatile |
| 159 | Norway | 1.09 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 160 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 1.08 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 91.7% | falling |
| 161 | Belgium | 1.05 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 2.5% | volatile |
| 162 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1.04 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2016 | down 18.4% | volatile |
| 163 | United Kingdom | 1.02 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 3.6% | volatile |
| 164 | Macao | 1.01 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 40.1% | falling |
| 165 | Canada | 0.9858 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 4.6% | volatile |
| 166 | Australia | 0.9811 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 14.3% | volatile |
| 167 | Finland | 0.981 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 6.7% | volatile |
| 168 | Denmark | 0.9687 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 9.6% | volatile |
| 169 | New Zealand | 0.9516 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 1.6% | volatile |
| 170 | Cyprus | 0.9319 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 11.9% | volatile |
| 171 | Cayman Islands | 0.9289 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2015 | down 22.5% | falling |
| 172 | United States | 0.9002 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 22.7% | volatile |
| 173 | Bahamas | 0.8996 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 22.5% | volatile |
| 174 | Switzerland | 0.8595 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 2.9% | volatile |
| 175 | Israel | 0.7956 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 24.1% | volatile |
| 176 | Iceland | 0.7726 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 23.4% | volatile |
| 177 | Luxembourg | 0.7072 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 15.7% | volatile |
| 178 | Bermuda | 0.4676 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 12.0% | volatile |
| 179 | Barbados | 0.4234 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 42.7% | volatile |
| 180 | South Sudan | 0.3902 international-$ in 2021 prices per US$ of GDP | 2015 | down 62.6% | falling |
How this figure is calculated
Gross domestic product (GDP) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Gross domestic product (GDP) ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Gross domestic product (GDP) Feenstra et al. – Penn World Table (2025) – with major processing by Our World in Data
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Gross domestic product (GDP) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.