Gross capital formation in Middle income
Middle income: Gross capital formation was 12.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Gross capital formation in Middle income, 1995–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in constant 2015 US$.
Analysis
Middle income recorded 12.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ for gross capital formation in 2025. That is the highest value across all 31 years on record.
That represents a change of up 2.7% on the previous year and up 46.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in Middle income peaked at 12.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2025 and was at its lowest, 1.44 trillion constant 2015 US$, in 2001.
That places Middle income 7th out of 38 groups with data for 2025, putting it in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross capital formation in Middle income, year by year
| Year | constant 2015 US$ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2.65 trillion constant 2015 US$ | — |
| 1996 | 2.26 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -15.0% |
| 1997 | 2.27 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +0.7% |
| 1998 | 1.73 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -23.7% |
| 1999 | 1.55 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -10.5% |
| 2000 | 1.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -7.3% |
| 2001 | 1.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -0.2% |
| 2002 | 2.25 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +56.8% |
| 2003 | 1.85 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -18.0% |
| 2004 | 2.79 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +51.1% |
| 2005 | 2.88 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.1% |
| 2006 | 3.43 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +19.2% |
| 2007 | 4.77 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +38.9% |
| 2008 | 5.20 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +9.0% |
| 2009 | 5.72 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +10.1% |
| 2010 | 6.58 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +14.9% |
| 2011 | 7.02 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +6.7% |
| 2012 | 7.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +6.1% |
| 2013 | 7.87 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.7% |
| 2014 | 8.29 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.3% |
| 2015 | 8.42 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +1.5% |
| 2016 | 8.90 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.7% |
| 2017 | 9.48 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +6.5% |
| 2018 | 10.00 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.6% |
| 2019 | 10.20 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +1.9% |
| 2020 | 10.11 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -0.8% |
| 2021 | 10.86 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +7.4% |
| 2022 | 11.22 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.4% |
| 2023 | 11.60 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.3% |
| 2024 | 12.00 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.5% |
| 2025 | 12.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +2.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 2.09 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 1.55 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 2.65 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 5 |
| 2000s | 3.18 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 1.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 5.72 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10 |
| 2010s | 8.42 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 6.58 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10.20 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10 |
| 2020s | 11.35 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10.11 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 12.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 6 |
Countries ranked near Middle income
- 4 India 1.21 trillion constant 2015 US$ compare
- 5 Germany 771.95 billion constant 2015 US$ compare
- 6 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 664.58 billion constant 2015 US$ compare
- 7 France 589.63 billion constant 2015 US$ compare
- 8 Republic of Korea 527.10 billion constant 2015 US$ compare
- 9 Italy 459.25 billion constant 2015 US$ compare
- 10 Russian Federation 432.17 billion constant 2015 US$ compare
More economy & growth data for Middle income
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added 3.31 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita 3,291 constant 2015 US$ (2024)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure 4.7% (2024)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure 19.67 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2024)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure 20.43 trillion current US$ (2024)
- External balance on goods and services 1.1% (2025)
- Trade 48.5% (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure 15.3% (2024)
- General government final consumption expenditure 5.96 trillion current US$ (2024)
- Industry (including construction), value added 12.84 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in Middle income?
- Gross capital formation in Middle income was 12.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in Middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 12.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2025.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in Middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2001.
- How does Middle income rank for gross capital formation?
- Middle income ranks 7th out of 38 groups with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in Middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 46.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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CSV · JSON — 31 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.