Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Spain
Spain: Foreign direct investment, net outflows was 2.4% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Spain, 1970–2025
Source: Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2025, foreign direct investment, net outflows in Spain stood at 2.4%.
The figure is down 41.3% on the previous year and down 49.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, foreign direct investment, net outflows in Spain peaked at 9.9% in 2000 and was at its lowest, -0.2%, in 2012.
That places Spain 19th out of 191 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Spain, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 0.1% | — |
| 1971 | 0.1% | -48.9% |
| 1972 | 0.1% | +16.7% |
| 1973 | 0.1% | +5.7% |
| 1974 | 0.1% | +32.1% |
| 1975 | 0.1% | +69.4% |
| 1976 | 0.2% | +9.8% |
| 1977 | 0.1% | -46.4% |
| 1978 | 0.1% | -27.3% |
| 1979 | 0.1% | -2.3% |
| 1980 | 0.1% | +115.7% |
| 1981 | 0.1% | +0.2% |
| 1982 | 0.3% | +95.0% |
| 1983 | 0.1% | -45.5% |
| 1984 | 0.1% | +1.5% |
| 1985 | 0.1% | -4.1% |
| 1986 | 0.2% | +8.6% |
| 1987 | 0.2% | +55.6% |
| 1988 | 0.3% | +40.4% |
| 1989 | 0.4% | +8.2% |
| 1990 | 0.7% | +84.8% |
| 1991 | 0.8% | +17.2% |
| 1992 | 0.3% | -54.9% |
| 1993 | 0.8% | +136.6% |
| 1994 | 0.7% | -17.3% |
| 1995 | 0.8% | +17.6% |
| 1996 | 1.1% | +40.9% |
| 1997 | 2.5% | +122.6% |
| 1998 | 3.5% | +40.4% |
| 1999 | 7.2% | +103.0% |
| 2000 | 9.9% | +39.0% |
| 2001 | 5.4% | -45.7% |
| 2002 | 4.7% | -13.4% |
| 2003 | 3.7% | -20.2% |
| 2004 | 5.8% | +55.8% |
| 2005 | 4.0% | -31.5% |
| 2006 | 8.5% | +114.1% |
| 2007 | 9.8% | +15.6% |
| 2008 | 4.4% | -54.9% |
| 2009 | 0.9% | -79.8% |
| 2010 | 2.9% | +223.0% |
| 2011 | 2.9% | -1.2% |
| 2012 | -0.2% | -107.9% |
| 2013 | 2.4% | -1175.5% |
| 2014 | 3.4% | +39.5% |
| 2015 | 4.8% | +42.6% |
| 2016 | 4.9% | +0.6% |
| 2017 | 3.7% | -23.8% |
| 2018 | 3.0% | -20.3% |
| 2019 | 2.9% | -1.5% |
| 2020 | 4.4% | +50.1% |
| 2021 | 3.5% | -19.7% |
| 2022 | 4.7% | +35.3% |
| 2023 | 3.1% | -34.1% |
| 2024 | 4.1% | +32.6% |
| 2025 | 2.4% | -41.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 10 |
| 1980s | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.8% | 0.3% | 7.2% | 10 |
| 2000s | 5.7% | 0.9% | 9.9% | 10 |
| 2010s | 3.1% | -0.2% | 4.9% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.7% | 2.4% | 4.7% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Spain
- 16 Macau, China 2.5% compare
- 17 Papua New Guinea 2.5% compare
- 18 Canada 2.5% compare
- 20 Chile 2.4% compare
- 21 Switzerland 2.4% compare
- 22 France 2.4% compare
More economy & growth data for Spain
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 1.77 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 1.62 Percent per annum (2029)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 6.24 % change on previous year (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.2538 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per capita 9,804 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- External balance on goods and services (current US$), annual growth 1.52 % change on previous year (2025)
- External balance on goods and services (current LCU), annual growth -2.76 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), annual 3.11 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), per 0.0237 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), per 916.93 current LCU per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is foreign direct investment, net outflows in Spain?
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Spain was 2.4% in 2025, according to Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D.
- What is the highest foreign direct investment, net outflows recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 9.9% in 2000.
- What is the lowest foreign direct investment, net outflows recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was -0.2% in 2012.
- How does Spain rank for foreign direct investment, net outflows?
- Spain ranks 19th out of 191 countries with data for 2025.
- Is foreign direct investment, net outflows rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 49.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D, published as part of Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world, and is divided by GDP.