Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia
Estonia: Foreign direct investment, net outflows was -0.1% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia, 1993–2025
Source: Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2025, foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia stood at -0.1%.
That represents a change of up 99.4% on the previous year and up 97.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia peaked at 17.1% in 2021 and was at its lowest, -8.6%, in 2024.
That places Estonia 166th out of 191 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 0.3% | — |
| 1994 | 0.2% | -49.5% |
| 1995 | 0.2% | +12.1% |
| 1996 | 1.2% | +569.9% |
| 1997 | 2.8% | +141.0% |
| 1998 | 0.4% | -86.6% |
| 1999 | 1.8% | +378.2% |
| 2000 | 1.6% | -9.8% |
| 2001 | 4.0% | +146.8% |
| 2002 | 2.5% | -37.1% |
| 2003 | 2.8% | +10.5% |
| 2004 | 3.2% | +14.9% |
| 2005 | 6.0% | +87.4% |
| 2006 | 8.5% | +41.8% |
| 2007 | 10.6% | +25.2% |
| 2008 | 5.3% | -50.2% |
| 2009 | 6.9% | +31.0% |
| 2010 | 6.4% | -8.4% |
| 2011 | -5.9% | -192.5% |
| 2012 | 5.5% | -193.7% |
| 2013 | 3.3% | -39.4% |
| 2014 | 4.2% | +25.6% |
| 2015 | -2.5% | -158.7% |
| 2016 | 1.5% | -160.4% |
| 2017 | 2.4% | +59.0% |
| 2018 | -0.7% | -129.0% |
| 2019 | 5.9% | -964.8% |
| 2020 | 1.2% | -79.5% |
| 2021 | 17.1% | +1296.5% |
| 2022 | 4.9% | -71.2% |
| 2023 | 5.4% | +9.8% |
| 2024 | -8.6% | -260.3% |
| 2025 | -0.1% | -99.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 1.0% | 0.2% | 2.8% | 7 |
| 2000s | 5.1% | 1.6% | 10.6% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.0% | -5.9% | 6.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.3% | -8.6% | 17.1% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More economy & growth data for Estonia
- Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per capita 15,183 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (current US$), annual growth rate 9.01 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.9897 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (current US$), per capita 34,062 current US$ per person (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (current LCU), annual growth rate 4.41 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (current LCU), per unit of GDP 0.8758 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (current LCU), per capita 30,143 current LCU per person (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 1.85 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.5997 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$), per capita 20,640 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia?
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia was -0.1% in 2025, according to Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D.
- What is the highest foreign direct investment, net outflows recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 17.1% in 2021.
- What is the lowest foreign direct investment, net outflows recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -8.6% in 2024.
- How does Estonia rank for foreign direct investment, net outflows?
- Estonia ranks 166th out of 191 countries with data for 2025.
- Is foreign direct investment, net outflows rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 97.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D, published as part of Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world, and is divided by GDP.