Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia
Estonia: Foreign direct investment, net outflows was -24.28 million BoP, current US$ in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia, 1992–2025
Source: Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D. Measured in BoP, current US$.
Analysis
In 2025, foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia stood at -24.28 million BoP, current US$.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 99.3% on the previous year and up 95.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia peaked at 6.34 billion BoP, current US$ in 2021 and was at its lowest, -3.72 billion BoP, current US$, in 2024.
That places Estonia 174th out of 192 countries with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia, year by year
| Year | BoP, current US$ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 1.87 million BoP, current US$ | — |
| 1993 | 12.32 million BoP, current US$ | +557.8% |
| 1994 | 6.39 million BoP, current US$ | -48.1% |
| 1995 | 7.82 million BoP, current US$ | +22.4% |
| 1996 | 55.65 million BoP, current US$ | +612.0% |
| 1997 | 144.41 million BoP, current US$ | +159.5% |
| 1998 | 21.36 million BoP, current US$ | -85.2% |
| 1999 | 103.62 million BoP, current US$ | +385.2% |
| 2000 | 92.33 million BoP, current US$ | -10.9% |
| 2001 | 250.46 million BoP, current US$ | +171.3% |
| 2002 | 185.66 million BoP, current US$ | -25.9% |
| 2003 | 274.87 million BoP, current US$ | +48.1% |
| 2004 | 388.34 million BoP, current US$ | +41.3% |
| 2005 | 845.32 million BoP, current US$ | +117.7% |
| 2006 | 1.45 billion BoP, current US$ | +71.1% |
| 2007 | 2.39 billion BoP, current US$ | +65.1% |
| 2008 | 1.29 billion BoP, current US$ | -46.0% |
| 2009 | 1.36 billion BoP, current US$ | +5.7% |
| 2010 | 1.24 billion BoP, current US$ | -8.9% |
| 2011 | -1.37 billion BoP, current US$ | -210.5% |
| 2012 | 1.28 billion BoP, current US$ | -193.5% |
| 2013 | 851.24 million BoP, current US$ | -33.6% |
| 2014 | 1.14 billion BoP, current US$ | +33.5% |
| 2015 | -575.12 million BoP, current US$ | -150.6% |
| 2016 | 365.76 million BoP, current US$ | -163.6% |
| 2017 | 650.58 million BoP, current US$ | +77.9% |
| 2018 | -214.55 million BoP, current US$ | -133.0% |
| 2019 | 1.89 billion BoP, current US$ | -982.9% |
| 2020 | 388.52 million BoP, current US$ | -79.5% |
| 2021 | 6.34 billion BoP, current US$ | +1532.6% |
| 2022 | 1.88 billion BoP, current US$ | -70.4% |
| 2023 | 2.23 billion BoP, current US$ | +19.1% |
| 2024 | -3.72 billion BoP, current US$ | -266.7% |
| 2025 | -24.28 million BoP, current US$ | -99.3% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's -24.28 million BoP, current US$ is below the median for high income countries, which is 1.18 billion BoP, current US$. (70 countries reporting)
- Estonia's -24.28 million BoP, current US$ is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 910.20 million BoP, current US$. (49 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | +1532.6% | 388.52 million BoP, current US$ | 6.34 billion BoP, current US$ |
| 2019 | +982.9% | -214.55 million BoP, current US$ | 1.89 billion BoP, current US$ |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 44.18 million BoP, current US$ | 1.87 million BoP, current US$ | 144.41 million BoP, current US$ | 8 |
| 2000s | 852.34 million BoP, current US$ | 92.33 million BoP, current US$ | 2.39 billion BoP, current US$ | 10 |
| 2010s | 526.04 million BoP, current US$ | -1.37 billion BoP, current US$ | 1.89 billion BoP, current US$ | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.18 billion BoP, current US$ | -3.72 billion BoP, current US$ | 6.34 billion BoP, current US$ | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
- 171 Chad -2.15 million BoP, current US$ compare
- 172 Grenada -3.62 million BoP, current US$ compare
- 173 Antigua and Barbuda -9.34 million BoP, current US$ compare
- 175 Gabon -33.78 million BoP, current US$ compare
- 176 Seychelles -41.42 million BoP, current US$ compare
- 177 Mozambique -44.11 million BoP, current US$ compare
More economy & growth data for Estonia
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps -24.28 million BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0005 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -17.77 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled -838.20 million BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 75.62 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0178 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -613.4 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 17.56 % change on previous year (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per unit of GDP 0.0519 includes gold, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per capita 1,785 includes gold, current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia?
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows in Estonia was -24.28 million BoP, current US$ in 2025, according to Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D.
- What is the highest foreign direct investment, net outflows recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 6.34 billion BoP, current US$ in 2021.
- What is the lowest foreign direct investment, net outflows recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -3.72 billion BoP, current US$ in 2024.
- How does Estonia rank for foreign direct investment, net outflows?
- Estonia ranks 174th out of 192 countries with data for 2025.
- Is foreign direct investment, net outflows rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 95.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D, published as part of Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.