Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per was 6,757 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per in Upper middle income, 1970–2023
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in BoP, current US$ per square kilometre.
Analysis
In 2023, foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per in Upper middle income stood at 6,757 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre.
That represents a change of down 2.0% on the previous year and up 71.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per in Upper middle income peaked at 6,893 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre in 2022 and was at its lowest, 0.8334 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre, in 1971.
That places Upper middle income 10th out of 47 groups with data for 2023, putting it in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 0.9894 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | — |
| 1971 | 0.8334 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -15.8% |
| 1972 | 1.17 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +40.7% |
| 1973 | 2.29 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +95.2% |
| 1974 | 4.63 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +102.3% |
| 1975 | 7.35 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +58.8% |
| 1976 | 7.42 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +0.9% |
| 1977 | 8.03 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +8.2% |
| 1978 | 10.49 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +30.7% |
| 1979 | 5.48 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -47.8% |
| 1980 | 37.84 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +591.1% |
| 1981 | 29.75 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -21.4% |
| 1982 | 21.61 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -27.4% |
| 1983 | 19.84 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -8.2% |
| 1984 | 20.75 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +4.5% |
| 1985 | 33.87 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +63.2% |
| 1986 | 32.17 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -5.0% |
| 1987 | 39.19 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +21.8% |
| 1988 | 37.17 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -5.2% |
| 1989 | 53.97 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +45.2% |
| 1990 | 56.04 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +3.8% |
| 1991 | 77.06 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +37.5% |
| 1992 | 204.34 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +165.2% |
| 1993 | 168.89 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -17.3% |
| 1994 | 232.11 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +37.4% |
| 1995 | 277.73 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +19.7% |
| 1996 | 268.51 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -3.3% |
| 1997 | 376.6 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +40.3% |
| 1998 | 334.76 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -11.1% |
| 1999 | 314.46 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -6.1% |
| 2000 | 236.89 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -24.7% |
| 2001 | 246.04 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +3.9% |
| 2002 | 184.6 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -25.0% |
| 2003 | 393.7 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +113.3% |
| 2004 | 781.42 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +98.5% |
| 2005 | 994.21 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +27.2% |
| 2006 | 2,045 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +105.7% |
| 2007 | 2,152 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +5.2% |
| 2008 | 2,964 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +37.7% |
| 2009 | 1,922 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -35.2% |
| 2010 | 3,489 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +81.6% |
| 2011 | 3,099 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -11.2% |
| 2012 | 3,463 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +11.7% |
| 2013 | 3,939 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +13.8% |
| 2014 | 4,935 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +25.3% |
| 2015 | 5,501 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +11.5% |
| 2016 | 6,288 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +14.3% |
| 2017 | 4,714 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -25.0% |
| 2018 | 4,597 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -2.5% |
| 2019 | 4,627 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +0.7% |
| 2020 | 4,415 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -4.6% |
| 2021 | 5,705 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +29.2% |
| 2022 | 6,893 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | +20.8% |
| 2023 | 6,757 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | -2.0% |
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per in Upper middle income changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | +591.1% | 5.48 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 37.84 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 4.87 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 0.8334 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 10.49 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 10 |
| 1980s | 32.62 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 19.84 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 53.97 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 10 |
| 1990s | 231.05 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 56.04 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 376.6 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 10 |
| 2000s | 1,192 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 184.6 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 2,964 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 10 |
| 2010s | 4,465 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 3,099 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 6,288 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 10 |
| 2020s | 5,942 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 4,415 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 6,893 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre | 4 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
- 7 Bahrain 1.39 million BoP, current US$ per square kilometre compare
- 8 Bermuda 681,028 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre compare
- 9 Kuwait 628,569 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre compare
- 10 Japan 540,424 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre compare
- 11 Andorra 471,477 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre compare
- 12 Israel 354,861 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre compare
- 13 Germany 332,504 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre compare
More economy & growth data for Upper middle income
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0068 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 228.01 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- GDP (current US$), per capita 10,890 current US$ per person (2025)
- Services, value added (current US$), per capita 6,201 current US$ per person (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 4.65 % change on previous year (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.5284 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$), per capita 5,754 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- GDP (current US$), annual growth rate 4.63 % change on previous year (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.9359 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross domestic savings (current US$), annual growth rate 2.62 % change on previous year (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per in Upper middle income?
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per in Upper middle income was 6,757 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre in 2023, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 6,893 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre in 2022.
- What is the lowest foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 0.8334 BoP, current US$ per square kilometre in 1971.
- How does Upper middle income rank for foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per?
- Upper middle income ranks 10th out of 47 groups with data for 2023.
- Is foreign direct investment, net outflows (bop, current us$), per rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is up 71.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per square kilometre. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 54 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and D
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.