Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of GDP in Estonia
Estonia: Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of GDP was -0.1% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of GDP in Estonia, 1993–2025
Source: International Monetary Fund (Balance of Payments), UNCTAD, and national sources, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp in Estonia is -0.1%, measured in 2025.
That represents a change of up 99.4% on the previous year and up 97.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp in Estonia peaked at 17.1% in 2021 and was at its lowest, -8.6%, in 2024.
Estonia ranks 164th of 189 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of GDP in Estonia, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 0.3% | — |
| 1994 | 0.2% | -49.5% |
| 1995 | 0.2% | +12.1% |
| 1996 | 1.2% | +569.9% |
| 1997 | 2.8% | +141.0% |
| 1998 | 0.4% | -86.6% |
| 1999 | 1.8% | +378.2% |
| 2000 | 1.6% | -9.8% |
| 2001 | 4.0% | +146.8% |
| 2002 | 2.5% | -37.1% |
| 2003 | 2.8% | +10.5% |
| 2004 | 3.2% | +14.9% |
| 2005 | 6.0% | +87.4% |
| 2006 | 8.5% | +41.8% |
| 2007 | 10.6% | +25.2% |
| 2008 | 5.3% | -50.2% |
| 2009 | 6.9% | +31.0% |
| 2010 | 6.4% | -8.4% |
| 2011 | -5.9% | -192.5% |
| 2012 | 5.5% | -193.7% |
| 2013 | 3.3% | -39.4% |
| 2014 | 4.2% | +25.6% |
| 2015 | -2.5% | -158.7% |
| 2016 | 1.5% | -160.4% |
| 2017 | 2.4% | +59.0% |
| 2018 | -0.7% | -129.0% |
| 2019 | 5.9% | -964.8% |
| 2020 | 1.2% | -79.5% |
| 2021 | 17.1% | +1296.5% |
| 2022 | 4.9% | -71.2% |
| 2023 | 5.4% | +9.8% |
| 2024 | -8.6% | -260.3% |
| 2025 | -0.1% | -99.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 1.0% | 0.2% | 2.8% | 7 |
| 2000s | 5.1% | 1.6% | 10.6% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.0% | -5.9% | 6.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.3% | -8.6% | 17.1% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More economy & growth data for Estonia
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 5.05 % change on previous year (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.5569 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per capita 19,166 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- External balance on goods and services (current US$), annual growth 249.21 % change on previous year (2025)
- External balance on goods and services (current LCU), annual growth 234.5 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), annual -2.64 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), per 0.0146 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), per 501.61 current LCU per person (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) -10.24 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) 0.0081 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp in Estonia?
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp in Estonia was -0.1% in 2025, according to International Monetary Fund (Balance of Payments), UNCTAD, and national sources, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 17.1% in 2021.
- What is the lowest foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -8.6% in 2024.
- How does Estonia rank for foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp?
- Estonia ranks 164th out of 189 countries with data for 2025.
- Is foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of gdp rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 97.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from International Monetary Fund (Balance of Payments), UNCTAD, and national sources, via World Bank (2026) – processed by Our World in Data, published as part of Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of GDP. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Net outflows of foreign direct investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world.