Central government debt, total in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income): Central government debt, total was 31.9% in 2023. ▬ Flat
Central government debt, total in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), 2008–2023
Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2023, central government debt, total in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) stood at 31.9%.
The figure is down 5.3% on the previous year and up 9.2% over ten years.
Over the whole period, central government debt, total in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) peaked at 42.0% in 2009 and was at its lowest, 29.2%, in 2013.
Central government debt, total in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 34.5% | — |
| 2009 | 42.0% | +21.7% |
| 2010 | 35.6% | -15.3% |
| 2011 | 34.4% | -3.4% |
| 2012 | 32.9% | -4.4% |
| 2013 | 29.2% | -11.3% |
| 2014 | 31.5% | +8.1% |
| 2015 | 32.2% | +2.3% |
| 2016 | 33.0% | +2.4% |
| 2017 | 32.2% | -2.5% |
| 2018 | 31.7% | -1.6% |
| 2019 | 33.3% | +5.3% |
| 2020 | 41.0% | +23.0% |
| 2021 | 39.4% | -4.0% |
| 2022 | 33.6% | -14.5% |
| 2023 | 31.9% | -5.3% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 38.3% | 34.5% | 42.0% | 2 |
| 2010s | 32.6% | 29.2% | 35.6% | 10 |
| 2020s | 36.5% | 31.9% | 41.0% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
- 3 Barbados 125.0% compare
- 4 United States 115.8% compare
- 5 Bahrain 111.6% compare
- 6 Bhutan 111.0% compare
- 7 El Salvador 107.3% compare
- 8 Spain 105.6% compare
- 9 San Marino 99.9% compare
More economy & growth data for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0062 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) 1.77 % change on previous year (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$), per 1,786 current US$ per person (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$), per 0.1606 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) 15.06 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 68.56 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 20.44 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 5.18 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0018 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Final consumption expenditure (current US$), annual growth rate 16.87 % change on previous year (2025)
All data for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) →
Frequently asked questions
- What is central government debt, total in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- Central government debt, total in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) was 31.9% in 2023, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
- What is the highest central government debt, total recorded in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- The highest recorded value was 42.0% in 2009.
- What is the lowest central government debt, total recorded in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- The lowest recorded value was 29.2% in 2013.
- How does Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) rank for central government debt, total?
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) ranks 6th out of 7 groups with data for 2023.
- Is central government debt, total rising or falling in Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- Over the last ten years it is up 9.2%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
- Where does this Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) data come from?
- The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Central government debt, total (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. Central government is the part of general government that includes all administrative departments of the national executive, legislative, and judicial functions, other central agencies and those non-market producers controlled by the central government, whose competence extends normally over the whole economic territory. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.