Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and capital stock — General government investment (gross fixed capital formation) by country
The Statistical Annex to the annual Africa's Development Dynamics (AFDD) report is a collection of development indicators that were gathered and analysed while conducting the research that went into the report. These data are also available online for free viewing or download at https://oe.cd/AFDD-2024, a bilingual...
Countries reporting
156
Highest
18.69 Percentage of GDP
Maldives
Lowest
0.6729 Percentage of GDP
Zimbabwe
Median
3.91 Percentage of GDP
Years covered
20
2000–2019
Data points
4,195
What the numbers show
Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and capital stock — General government investment (gross fixed capital formation) is currently reported for 156 countries. The highest value is 18.69 Percentage of GDP in Maldives; the lowest is 0.6729 Percentage of GDP in Zimbabwe.
The median across all reporting countries is 3.91 Percentage of GDP, and the mean is 4.67 Percentage of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 28.
Over the past decade 63 countries rose and 93 fell. The largest increase was in Liberia (up 280.4%), and the largest decrease in Sao Tome and Principe (down 87.6%).
Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 21 - Investment and: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maldives | 18.69 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 83.5% | rising |
| 2 | Oman | 18.35 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 10.7% | rising |
| 3 | China | 17.33 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 4 | United Arab Emirates | 14 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 20.4% | rising |
| 5 | Dominica | 13.96 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 15.2% | rising |
| 6 | Libya | 13.79 Percentage of GDP | 2008 | down 16.5% | falling |
| 7 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 13.35 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 47.2% | rising |
| 8 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 12.78 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 89.7% | falling |
| 9 | Guyana | 12.49 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 10 | Saudi Arabia | 10.24 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 10 | Croatia | 4.54 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 11 | Algeria | 9.19 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 12.9% | rising |
| 12 | Niger | 8.29 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 86.3% | rising |
| 13 | Afghanistan | 8.12 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 65.9% | falling |
| 14 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 8.1 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 15 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 7.74 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 9.2% | flat |
| 16 | Suriname | 7.59 Percentage of GDP | 2010 | up 13.0% | flat |
| 16 | Latvia | 5.01 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 3.1% | rising |
| 17 | Djibouti | 7.43 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 48.7% | rising |
| 17 | Estonia | 4.98 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 7.0% | rising |
| 18 | Tajikistan | 7.26 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 17.1% | rising |
| 19 | Rwanda | 7.23 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 47.0% | rising |
| 20 | Azerbaijan | 7.16 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 36.4% | volatile |
| 20 | Poland | 4.31 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 3.7% | rising |
| 21 | Zambia | 7.11 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 236.8% | falling |
| 22 | Montenegro | 6.91 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 26.2% | volatile |
| 23 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 6.87 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 52.2% | rising |
| 24 | Bhutan | 6.85 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 23.8% | falling |
| 25 | Kuwait | 6.84 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 42.3% | rising |
| 25 | Slovenia | 3.81 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 27.8% | flat |
| 26 | Iraq | 6.75 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 7.0% | rising |
| 27 | Mongolia | 6.75 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 28.6% | rising |
| 27 | Moldova | 1.46 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 28 | Central African Republic | 6.7 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 44.4% | rising |
| 29 | Liberia | 6.48 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 280.4% | volatile |
| 30 | Ecuador | 6.39 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 41.4% | rising |
| 31 | Bangladesh | 6.32 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 88.2% | rising |
| 31 | Netherlands | 3.39 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 21.7% | falling |
| 32 | Myanmar | 6.31 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 32 | Türkiye | 3.33 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 14.6% | flat |
| 33 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 6.24 Percentage of GDP | 2016 | down 2.6% | rising |
| 33 | Lithuania | 3.12 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 22.3% | rising |
| 34 | Botswana | 6.24 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 50.5% | falling |
| 35 | Malaysia | 6.23 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 40.4% | falling |
| 36 | Norway | 6.02 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 37 | Belize | 5.98 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 41.1% | volatile |
| 38 | Georgia | 5.95 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 9.1% | rising |
| 39 | Mozambique | 5.95 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 44.0% | rising |
| 40 | Hungary | 5.85 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 75.4% | rising |
| 41 | Kenya | 5.52 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 45.8% | rising |
| 42 | Gambia | 5.34 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 117.6% | volatile |
| 43 | New Zealand | 5.22 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 12.0% | rising |
| 44 | India | 5.11 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 23.6% | flat |
| 45 | Japan | 5.02 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 9.4% | falling |
| 46 | Thailand | 4.98 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 11.4% | falling |
| 47 | Uzbekistan | 4.95 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 98.8% | falling |
| 48 | Seychelles | 4.91 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 8.6% | volatile |
| 49 | Burkina Faso | 4.76 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 50 | Panama | 4.74 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 57.1% | volatile |
| 51 | Namibia | 4.74 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 52 | Comoros | 4.71 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 200.0% | rising |
| 53 | Singapore | 4.65 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 2.4% | falling |
| 54 | Nicaragua | 4.57 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 20.6% | rising |
| 55 | Congo | 4.51 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 22.1% | rising |
| 56 | Sweden | 4.51 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 57 | Albania | 4.51 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 39.8% | falling |
| 58 | Czechia | 4.44 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 59 | Côte d’Ivoire | 4.44 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 181.2% | volatile |
| 60 | Morocco | 4.4 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 61 | Uganda | 4.38 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 132.9% | rising |
| 62 | Saint Lucia | 4.31 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 26.0% | flat |
| 63 | Bahrain | 4.25 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 21.9% | falling |
| 64 | Finland | 4.24 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 65 | Mali | 4.17 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 40.2% | falling |
| 66 | Luxembourg | 4.16 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 4.7% | rising |
| 67 | Egypt | 4.16 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 5.7% | falling |
| 68 | Nepal | 4.15 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 171.4% | volatile |
| 69 | Senegal | 4.12 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 1.3% | rising |
| 70 | North Macedonia | 4.1 Percentage of GDP | 2017 | up 104.0% | rising |
| 71 | Peru | 4.08 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 17.3% | rising |
| 72 | Cyprus | 4.04 Percentage of GDP | 2017 | down 7.6% | falling |
| 73 | Mauritius | 4 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 15.8% | falling |
| 74 | Serbia | 3.91 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 72.7% | rising |
| 75 | Australia | 3.9 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 18.1% | rising |
| 76 | Canada | 3.87 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 17.1% | rising |
| 77 | Sri Lanka | 3.79 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 5.0% | rising |
| 78 | Philippines | 3.74 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 69.9% | rising |
| 79 | Cameroon | 3.66 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 117.2% | rising |
| 80 | Malawi | 3.62 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 74.7% | flat |
| 81 | France | 3.61 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 16.1% | falling |
| 82 | Colombia | 3.56 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 83 | Romania | 3.48 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 35.1% | rising |
| 84 | United States | 3.47 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 20.8% | falling |
| 85 | OECD | 3.43 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 19.7% | falling |
| 86 | Indonesia | 3.42 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 26.8% | rising |
| 87 | Cambodia | 3.41 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 51.8% | flat |
| 88 | Bulgaria | 3.4 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 27.2% | flat |
| 89 | Honduras | 3.4 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 90 | Haiti | 3.37 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 66.9% | rising |
| 91 | Paraguay | 3.34 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 44.7% | flat |
| 92 | Tunisia | 3.32 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 0.6% | falling |
| 93 | Sao Tome and Principe | 3.3 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 87.6% | volatile |
| 94 | Yemen | 3.26 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 95 | Denmark | 3.25 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 96 | Togo | 3.19 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 28.6% | rising |
| 97 | Jordan | 3.13 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 34.3% | falling |
| 98 | Uruguay | 3.1 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 34.6% | flat |
| 99 | Angola | 3.09 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 66.2% | flat |
| 100 | Barbados | 3.08 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 26.4% | volatile |
| 101 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3.07 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 54.3% | falling |
| 102 | Switzerland | 3.05 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 103 | Iceland | 3.02 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 14.5% | falling |
| 104 | Austria | 3.01 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 10.8% | rising |
| 105 | Malta | 2.96 Percentage of GDP | 2017 | down 42.3% | falling |
| 106 | Burundi | 2.78 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 31.5% | volatile |
| 107 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 2.75 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 16.4% | rising |
| 108 | Sudan | 2.69 Percentage of GDP | 2010 | up 178.7% | rising |
| 109 | Belgium | 2.61 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 18.4% | rising |
| 110 | Benin | 2.6 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 47.2% | flat |
| 111 | Ukraine | 2.59 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 126.2% | falling |
| 112 | Israel | 2.57 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 38.4% | flat |
| 113 | El Salvador | 2.54 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 9.3% | falling |
| 114 | Greece | 2.41 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 54.4% | falling |
| 115 | Ireland | 2.4 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 36.7% | falling |
| 116 | Germany | 2.39 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 117 | Antigua and Barbuda | 2.36 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 79.9% | falling |
| 118 | Grenada | 2.36 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 57.9% | falling |
| 119 | South Africa | 2.36 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 8.0% | rising |
| 120 | Chile | 2.35 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 24.1% | rising |
| 121 | Costa Rica | 2.34 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 13.1% | flat |
| 122 | Italy | 2.3 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 36.6% | falling |
| 123 | Belarus | 2.22 Percentage of GDP | 2013 | up 53.8% | rising |
| 124 | Brazil | 2.2 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 54.2% | falling |
| 125 | Mexico | 2.17 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 57.5% | falling |
| 126 | Lebanon | 2.06 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 34.3% | falling |
| 127 | Spain | 2.05 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 57.1% | falling |
| 128 | Chad | 2 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 47.7% | falling |
| 129 | Eritrea | 2 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 83.5% | volatile |
| 130 | Russian Federation | 1.93 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 60.2% | falling |
| 131 | Guinea | 1.9 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 63.2% | volatile |
| 132 | Bahamas | 1.89 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | up 26.7% | rising |
| 133 | Argentina | 1.86 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 19.9% | rising |
| 134 | Portugal | 1.84 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 53.3% | falling |
| 135 | Pakistan | 1.74 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 17.8% | rising |
| 136 | Brunei Darussalam | 1.72 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 64.7% | rising |
| 137 | Guinea-Bissau | 1.62 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 25.7% | rising |
| 138 | Sierra Leone | 1.57 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 22.6% | rising |
| 139 | Gabon | 1.56 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 47.2% | volatile |
| 140 | Kazakhstan | 1.56 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 40.1% | rising |
| 141 | Guatemala | 1.53 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 59.0% | falling |
| 142 | Armenia | 1.53 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 38.0% | falling |
| 143 | Dominican Republic | 1.29 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 56.7% | falling |
| 144 | Nigeria | 1.18 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 49.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Iran | 1.14 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 70.8% | falling |
| 146 | Ghana | 0.9861 Percentage of GDP | 2019 | down 61.4% | falling |
| 147 | Zimbabwe | 0.6729 Percentage of GDP | 2008 | up 19.7% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Asia (excluding high income countries) 11.03 Percentage of GDP
- Lesotho 10.6 Percentage of GDP
- World outside Africa, upper-middle income countries (World Bank) 10.24 Percentage of GDP
- Ethiopia 8.89 Percentage of GDP
- Upper-middle income countries (World Bank) 10.08 Percentage of GDP
- Arab Maghreb Union (UMA) 6.83 Percentage of GDP
- World outside Africa, resource-rich countries 8.15 Percentage of GDP
- World outside Africa 6.31 Percentage of GDP
- Africa, resource-rich countries 6.75 Percentage of GDP
- World 6.2 Percentage of GDP
- Africa, land locked developing countries 6.52 Percentage of GDP
- Least developed countries 5.54 Percentage of GDP
- East Africa (African Union) 6.47 Percentage of GDP
- Resource-rich countries 5.3 Percentage of GDP
- World outside Africa, non-resource-rich countries 6.41 Percentage of GDP
- Korea 4.79 Percentage of GDP
- Non-resource-rich countries 6.28 Percentage of GDP
- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) 4.78 Percentage of GDP
- Viet Nam 5.77 Percentage of GDP
- Low income countries (World Bank) 5.62 Percentage of GDP
- ASEAN 4.46 Percentage of GDP
- Africa, low income countries (World Bank) 5.56 Percentage of GDP
- Equatorial Guinea 4.3 Percentage of GDP
- North Africa (African Union) 5.36 Percentage of GDP
- Africa 4.06 Percentage of GDP
- East African Community 5.19 Percentage of GDP
- Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) 3.99 Percentage of GDP
- Africa, least developed countries 5.14 Percentage of GDP
- Fiji 3.67 Percentage of GDP
- Slovak Republic 3.63 Percentage of GDP
- Southern African Development Community (SADC) 3.43 Percentage of GDP
- Land locked developing countries 4.95 Percentage of GDP
- Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) 3.23 Percentage of GDP
- Lower-middle income countries (World Bank) 4.4 Percentage of GDP
- Eswatini 3.14 Percentage of GDP
- Southern Africa (African Union) 3.08 Percentage of GDP
- World outside Africa, landlocked developing countries 4.18 Percentage of GDP
- Madagascar 2.99 Percentage of GDP
- Africa, lower-middle income countries (World Bank) 4.09 Percentage of GDP
- Central Africa (African Union) 2.98 Percentage of GDP
About this data
The Statistical Annex to the annual Africa's Development Dynamics (AFDD) report is a collection of development indicators that were gathered and analysed while conducting the research that went into the report. These data are also available online for free viewing or download at https://oe.cd/AFDD-2024, a bilingual website which links to the electronic version of the Africa's Development Dynamics book in both English and French. Table 21 shows indicators of investment flows and capital stocks, in US dollars and as a percentage of GDP, including general government investment, public-private partnerships, and private investment.