European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) vs Türkiye: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect over time
- European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)
- Türkiye
How they compare
Türkiye currently reports 0.1431 Percentage of GDP against 0.109 Percentage of GDP in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020), a difference of 0.0341 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Türkiye's figure about 1.3 times European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020)'s.
The two have swapped places 1 time across 25 shared years of data; in 2000 it was European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) ahead.
European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) ranks 1st and Türkiye ranks 3rd of 2 regions.
Across the 3 decades both report, European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) averaged higher in 2 and Türkiye in 1.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) | Türkiye | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0316 Percentage of GDP | 0.0061 Percentage of GDP | 0.0255 Percentage of GDP | European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) |
| 2010s | 0.0882 Percentage of GDP | 0.0568 Percentage of GDP | 0.0313 Percentage of GDP | European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) |
| 2020s | 0.1049 Percentage of GDP | 0.1368 Percentage of GDP | 0.0319 Percentage of GDP | Türkiye |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect, European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) or Türkiye?
- Türkiye, at 0.1431 Percentage of GDP against 0.109 Percentage of GDP in European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect between European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) and Türkiye?
- 0.0341 Percentage of GDP, with Türkiye ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) and Türkiye?
- 25 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2024.
- How do European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) and Türkiye rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- European Union (27 countries from 01/02/2020) ranks 1st and Türkiye ranks 3rd of 2 regions.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.