Estonia vs Norway: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Estonia
- Norway
How they compare
Norway currently reports 0.9202 Percentage of GDP against 0.7981 Percentage of GDP in Estonia, a difference of 0.1221 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Norway's figure about 1.2 times Estonia's.
Across all 25 years both countries report, Norway has been ahead every year.
Estonia ranks 6th and Norway ranks 6th of 12 countries.
Norway has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Estonia | Norway | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.4442 Percentage of GDP | 0.7664 Percentage of GDP | 0.3221 Percentage of GDP | Norway |
| 2010s | 0.6973 Percentage of GDP | 0.9833 Percentage of GDP | 0.286 Percentage of GDP | Norway |
| 2020s | 0.7505 Percentage of GDP | 0.9651 Percentage of GDP | 0.2146 Percentage of GDP | Norway |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Estonia or Norway?
- Norway, at 0.9202 Percentage of GDP against 0.7981 Percentage of GDP in Estonia as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Estonia and Norway?
- 0.1221 Percentage of GDP, with Norway ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Estonia and Norway?
- 25 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2024.
- How do Estonia and Norway rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Estonia ranks 6th and Norway ranks 6th of 12 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.