Vulnerability score, Ecosystems by country
The ND-GAIN index is a global free open-source index, that measures a country’s current vulnerability to climate disruptions and assesses a country’s readiness to leverage private and public sector investment for adaptive actions. The IMF-adapted ND-GAIN index is an adaptation of the original index, adjusted by IMF...
Countries reporting
180
Highest
0.7301
North Korea
Lowest
0.2259
Switzerland
Median
0.4605
Years covered
10
2015–2024
Data points
1,800
What the numbers show
Vulnerability score, Ecosystems is currently reported for 180 countries. The highest value is 0.7301 in North Korea; the lowest is 0.2259 in Switzerland.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.4605, and the mean is 0.4561.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 3.
Over the past decade 89 countries rose and 90 fell. The largest increase was in Belize (up 6.3%), and the largest decrease in Qatar (down 6.4%).
Vulnerability score, Ecosystems: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Korea | 0.7301 | 2024 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 2 | Tonga | 0.6882 | 2024 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 3 | Sudan | 0.6604 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 4 | Somalia | 0.6498 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 5 | Papua New Guinea | 0.6332 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 6 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.6157 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 7 | Madagascar | 0.6093 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 8 | Guatemala | 0.6052 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 9 | Chad | 0.5889 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 10 | South Korea | 0.5856 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 11 | Sierra Leone | 0.5807 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 12 | Oman | 0.5793 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 13 | Fiji | 0.5725 | 2024 | down 2.7% | flat |
| 14 | Yemen | 0.5709 | 2024 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 15 | Belize | 0.5704 | 2024 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 16 | Rwanda | 0.569 | 2024 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 17 | Eritrea | 0.5647 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 18 | Ecuador | 0.5646 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 19 | Samoa | 0.5635 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 20 | Qatar | 0.561 | 2024 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 21 | Burundi | 0.5606 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 22 | Vietnam | 0.5577 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 23 | Pakistan | 0.5561 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 24 | Nicaragua | 0.556 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 25 | Myanmar | 0.5558 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 26 | East Timor | 0.5548 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 27 | Libya | 0.5544 | 2024 | down 1.8% | flat |
| 28 | Laos | 0.554 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 29 | Honduras | 0.5519 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 30 | Nepal | 0.5517 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 31 | Bhutan | 0.551 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 32 | Liberia | 0.5487 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 33 | India | 0.548 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 34 | Cuba | 0.546 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 35 | Angola | 0.5452 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 36 | Maldives | 0.5411 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 37 | Iraq | 0.5397 | 2024 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 38 | Djibouti | 0.5352 | 2024 | down 1.6% | flat |
| 39 | Solomon Islands | 0.5324 | 2024 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 40 | Tanzania | 0.5301 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 41 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.527 | 2024 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 42 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.519 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 43 | El Salvador | 0.5188 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 44 | Mozambique | 0.5184 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 45 | Benin | 0.5173 | 2024 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 46 | China | 0.5149 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 47 | Malawi | 0.5145 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 48 | Eswatini | 0.5143 | 2024 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 49 | Zimbabwe | 0.514 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 50 | Mali | 0.5124 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 51 | Mauritius | 0.5123 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 52 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.5113 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 53 | Uganda | 0.5109 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 54 | Montenegro | 0.5102 | 2024 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 55 | Uzbekistan | 0.5095 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 56 | Afghanistan | 0.5093 | 2024 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 57 | Guyana | 0.5085 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 58 | Barbados | 0.5079 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 59 | Congo | 0.5047 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 60 | Togo | 0.5041 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 61 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.502 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 62 | Central African Republic | 0.4996 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 63 | Vanuatu | 0.4974 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 64 | Estonia | 0.4941 | 2024 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 65 | Georgia | 0.4924 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 66 | Iceland | 0.4924 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 67 | Saudi Arabia | 0.4911 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 68 | Comoros | 0.4909 | 2024 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 69 | Haiti | 0.4902 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 70 | Bangladesh | 0.4886 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 71 | Ethiopia | 0.4866 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 72 | Mauritania | 0.4833 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 73 | South Africa | 0.4831 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 74 | Gambia | 0.4822 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 75 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.4818 | 2024 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 76 | Guinea | 0.48 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 77 | Syria | 0.4797 | 2024 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 78 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.4795 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 79 | Seychelles | 0.4793 | 2024 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 80 | Thailand | 0.4781 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 81 | Ghana | 0.4778 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 82 | Iran | 0.4729 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 83 | United Arab Emirates | 0.4708 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 84 | Kenya | 0.4699 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 85 | Niger | 0.4697 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 86 | Indonesia | 0.4675 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 87 | Lebanon | 0.4673 | 2024 | down 1.7% | flat |
| 88 | Japan | 0.466 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 89 | Namibia | 0.4649 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 90 | Mexico | 0.4611 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 91 | Colombia | 0.4599 | 2024 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 92 | Serbia | 0.459 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 93 | Tajikistan | 0.4586 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 94 | Cape Verde | 0.4547 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 95 | Lithuania | 0.4536 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 96 | Cambodia | 0.4531 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 97 | Costa Rica | 0.4528 | 2024 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 98 | Argentina | 0.4486 | 2024 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 99 | Turkey | 0.4456 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 100 | Bolivia | 0.4439 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 101 | Moldova | 0.4415 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 102 | Dominican Republic | 0.4382 | 2024 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 103 | Peru | 0.438 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 104 | Brazil | 0.4378 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 105 | Zambia | 0.4374 | 2024 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 106 | Dominica | 0.4368 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 107 | Bahrain | 0.4353 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 108 | Kuwait | 0.4352 | 2024 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 109 | Cameroon | 0.4321 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 110 | Burkina Faso | 0.4306 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 111 | Nigeria | 0.4305 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 112 | Suriname | 0.4305 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 113 | Lesotho | 0.4297 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 114 | Philippines | 0.4295 | 2024 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 115 | Latvia | 0.4291 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 116 | United States | 0.4259 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 117 | Turkmenistan | 0.4251 | 2024 | down 2.0% | flat |
| 118 | Romania | 0.4244 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 119 | Ukraine | 0.4234 | 2024 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 120 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.4203 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 121 | New Zealand | 0.4171 | 2024 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 122 | Albania | 0.4166 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 123 | Mongolia | 0.4162 | 2024 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 124 | Brunei | 0.4151 | 2024 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 125 | Algeria | 0.4148 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 126 | Russia | 0.4126 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 127 | Chile | 0.4075 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 128 | Kazakhstan | 0.4075 | 2024 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 129 | Senegal | 0.4069 | 2024 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 130 | Portugal | 0.4057 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 131 | Uruguay | 0.4051 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 132 | Sri Lanka | 0.4025 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 133 | Bulgaria | 0.4013 | 2024 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 134 | Jamaica | 0.3943 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 135 | Egypt | 0.3921 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 136 | Canada | 0.3903 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 137 | Azerbaijan | 0.3801 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 138 | Armenia | 0.3788 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 139 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.3769 | 2024 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 140 | Israel | 0.3755 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 141 | Panama | 0.3749 | 2024 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 142 | Morocco | 0.3739 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 143 | Norway | 0.3733 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 144 | Cyprus | 0.3726 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 145 | Australia | 0.3726 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 146 | Malaysia | 0.3688 | 2024 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 147 | Poland | 0.3632 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 148 | Slovenia | 0.363 | 2024 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 149 | Gabon | 0.3628 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 150 | Grenada | 0.3623 | 2024 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 151 | Finland | 0.362 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 152 | Tunisia | 0.3611 | 2024 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 153 | Belarus | 0.3598 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 154 | Saint Lucia | 0.3568 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 155 | Venezuela | 0.35 | 2024 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 156 | Ireland | 0.3473 | 2024 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 157 | Sweden | 0.3464 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 158 | Singapore | 0.3439 | 2024 | up 3.5% | flat |
| 159 | Paraguay | 0.3417 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 160 | Botswana | 0.339 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 161 | North Macedonia | 0.3384 | 2024 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 162 | Croatia | 0.3381 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 163 | Greece | 0.3354 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 164 | Italy | 0.3342 | 2024 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 165 | Bahamas | 0.3333 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 166 | Malta | 0.3307 | 2024 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 167 | Luxembourg | 0.3227 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 168 | Jordan | 0.3226 | 2024 | down 2.7% | flat |
| 169 | Belgium | 0.3175 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 170 | Slovakia | 0.3154 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 171 | Netherlands | 0.3016 | 2024 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 172 | France | 0.2845 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 173 | Czechia | 0.2825 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 174 | Austria | 0.2786 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 175 | Germany | 0.2786 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 176 | Spain | 0.2786 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 177 | United Kingdom | 0.2755 | 2024 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 178 | Hungary | 0.2652 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 179 | Denmark | 0.2384 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 180 | Switzerland | 0.2259 | 2024 | down 4.8% | flat |
About this data
The ND-GAIN index is a global free open-source index, that measures a country’s current vulnerability to climate disruptions and assesses a country’s readiness to leverage private and public sector investment for adaptive actions. The IMF-adapted ND-GAIN index is an adaptation of the original index, adjusted by IMF staff to replace the Doing Business (DB) Index, used as source data in the original ND-GAIN, because the DB database has been discontinued by the World Bank in 2020 and it is no longer allowed in IMF work. The IMF-adapted ND-GAIN is an interim solution offered by IMF staff until the ND-GAIN compilers will review the methodology and replace the DB index.