Vulnerability score, Ecosystems by country
The ND-GAIN index is a global free open-source index, that measures a country’s current vulnerability to climate disruptions and assesses a country’s readiness to leverage private and public sector investment for adaptive actions. The IMF-adapted ND-GAIN index is an adaptation of the original index, adjusted by IMF...
Countries reporting
180
Highest
0.7301
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Lowest
0.2259
Switzerland
Median
0.4605
Years covered
10
2015–2024
Data points
1,800
What the numbers show
Vulnerability score, Ecosystems is currently reported for 180 countries. The highest value is 0.7301 in Korea, Democratic People's Republic of; the lowest is 0.2259 in Switzerland.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.4605, and the mean is 0.4561.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 3.
Over the past decade 89 countries rose and 90 fell. The largest increase was in Belize (up 6.3%), and the largest decrease in Qatar (down 6.4%).
Vulnerability score, Ecosystems: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 0.7301 | 2024 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 2 | Tonga | 0.6882 | 2024 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 3 | Sudan | 0.6604 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 4 | Somalia | 0.6498 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 5 | Papua New Guinea | 0.6332 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 6 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.6157 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 7 | Madagascar, Republic of | 0.6093 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 8 | Guatemala | 0.6052 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 9 | Chad | 0.5889 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 10 | Korea | 0.5856 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 11 | Sierra Leone | 0.5807 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 12 | Oman | 0.5793 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 13 | Fiji, Republic of | 0.5725 | 2024 | down 2.7% | flat |
| 14 | Yemen, Republic of | 0.5709 | 2024 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 15 | Belize | 0.5704 | 2024 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 16 | Rwanda | 0.569 | 2024 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 17 | Eritrea, The State of | 0.5647 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 18 | Ecuador | 0.5646 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 19 | Samoa | 0.5635 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 20 | Qatar | 0.561 | 2024 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 21 | Burundi | 0.5606 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 22 | Vietnam | 0.5577 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 23 | Pakistan | 0.5561 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 24 | Nicaragua | 0.556 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 25 | Myanmar | 0.5558 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 26 | Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of | 0.5548 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 27 | Libya | 0.5544 | 2024 | down 1.8% | flat |
| 28 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 0.554 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 29 | Honduras | 0.5519 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 30 | Nepal | 0.5517 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 31 | Bhutan | 0.551 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 32 | Liberia | 0.5487 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 33 | India | 0.548 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 34 | Cuba | 0.546 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 35 | Angola | 0.5452 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 36 | Maldives | 0.5411 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 37 | Iraq | 0.5397 | 2024 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 38 | Djibouti | 0.5352 | 2024 | down 1.6% | flat |
| 39 | Solomon Islands | 0.5324 | 2024 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 40 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 0.5301 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 41 | São Tomé and Príncipe, Democratic Republic of | 0.527 | 2024 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 42 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.519 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 43 | El Salvador | 0.5188 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 44 | Mozambique, Republic of | 0.5184 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 45 | Benin | 0.5173 | 2024 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 46 | China (People’s Republic of) | 0.5149 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 47 | Malawi | 0.5145 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 48 | Eswatini, Kingdom of | 0.5143 | 2024 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 49 | Zimbabwe | 0.514 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 50 | Mali | 0.5124 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 51 | Mauritius | 0.5123 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 52 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 0.5113 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 53 | Uganda | 0.5109 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 54 | Montenegro | 0.5102 | 2024 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 55 | Uzbekistan, Republic of | 0.5095 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 56 | Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of | 0.5093 | 2024 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 57 | Guyana | 0.5085 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 58 | Barbados | 0.5079 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 59 | Congo, Republic of | 0.5047 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 60 | Togo | 0.5041 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 61 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0.502 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 62 | Central African Republic | 0.4996 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 63 | Vanuatu | 0.4974 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 64 | Estonia | 0.4941 | 2024 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 65 | Georgia | 0.4924 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 66 | Iceland | 0.4924 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 67 | Saudi Arabia | 0.4911 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 68 | Comoros, Union of the | 0.4909 | 2024 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 69 | Haiti | 0.4902 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 70 | Bangladesh | 0.4886 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 71 | Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of | 0.4866 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 72 | Mauritania, Islamic Republic of | 0.4833 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 73 | South Africa | 0.4831 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 74 | Gambia, The | 0.4822 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 75 | Kyrgyz Republic | 0.4818 | 2024 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 76 | Guinea | 0.48 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 77 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.4797 | 2024 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 78 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.4795 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 79 | Seychelles | 0.4793 | 2024 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 80 | Thailand | 0.4781 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 81 | Ghana | 0.4778 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 82 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 0.4729 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 83 | United Arab Emirates | 0.4708 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 84 | Kenya | 0.4699 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 85 | Niger | 0.4697 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 86 | Indonesia | 0.4675 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 87 | Lebanon | 0.4673 | 2024 | down 1.7% | flat |
| 88 | Japan | 0.466 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 89 | Namibia | 0.4649 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 90 | Mexico | 0.4611 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 91 | Colombia | 0.4599 | 2024 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 92 | Serbia, Republic of | 0.459 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 93 | Tajikistan, Republic of | 0.4586 | 2024 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 94 | Cabo Verde | 0.4547 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 95 | Lithuania | 0.4536 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 96 | Cambodia | 0.4531 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 97 | Costa Rica | 0.4528 | 2024 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 98 | Argentina | 0.4486 | 2024 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 99 | Türkiye | 0.4456 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 100 | Bolivia | 0.4439 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 101 | Moldova, Republic of | 0.4415 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 102 | Dominican Republic | 0.4382 | 2024 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 103 | Peru | 0.438 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 104 | Brazil | 0.4378 | 2024 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 105 | Zambia | 0.4374 | 2024 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 106 | Dominica | 0.4368 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 107 | Bahrain, Kingdom of | 0.4353 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 108 | Kuwait | 0.4352 | 2024 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 109 | Cameroon | 0.4321 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 110 | Burkina Faso | 0.4306 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 111 | Nigeria | 0.4305 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 112 | Suriname | 0.4305 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 113 | Lesotho, Kingdom of | 0.4297 | 2024 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 114 | Philippines | 0.4295 | 2024 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 115 | Latvia | 0.4291 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 116 | United States | 0.4259 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 117 | Turkmenistan | 0.4251 | 2024 | down 2.0% | flat |
| 118 | Romania | 0.4244 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 119 | Ukraine | 0.4234 | 2024 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 120 | Equatorial Guinea, Republic of | 0.4203 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 121 | New Zealand | 0.4171 | 2024 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 122 | Albania | 0.4166 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 123 | Mongolia | 0.4162 | 2024 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 124 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.4151 | 2024 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 125 | Algeria | 0.4148 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 126 | Russian Federation | 0.4126 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 127 | Chile | 0.4075 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 128 | Kazakhstan, Republic of | 0.4075 | 2024 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 129 | Senegal | 0.4069 | 2024 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 130 | Portugal | 0.4057 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 131 | Uruguay | 0.4051 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 132 | Sri Lanka | 0.4025 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 133 | Bulgaria | 0.4013 | 2024 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 134 | Jamaica | 0.3943 | 2024 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 135 | Egypt, Arab Republic of | 0.3921 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 136 | Canada | 0.3903 | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 137 | Azerbaijan, Republic of | 0.3801 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 138 | Armenia, Republic of | 0.3788 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 139 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.3769 | 2024 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 140 | Israel | 0.3755 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 141 | Panama | 0.3749 | 2024 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 142 | Morocco | 0.3739 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 143 | Norway | 0.3733 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 144 | Cyprus | 0.3726 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 145 | Australia | 0.3726 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 146 | Malaysia | 0.3688 | 2024 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 147 | Poland | 0.3632 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 148 | Slovenia | 0.363 | 2024 | down 0.8% | flat |
| 149 | Gabon | 0.3628 | 2024 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 150 | Grenada | 0.3623 | 2024 | down 2.3% | flat |
| 151 | Finland | 0.362 | 2024 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 152 | Tunisia | 0.3611 | 2024 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 153 | Belarus, Republic of | 0.3598 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 154 | St. Lucia | 0.3568 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 155 | Venezuela, República Bolivariana de | 0.35 | 2024 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 156 | Ireland | 0.3473 | 2024 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 157 | Sweden | 0.3464 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 158 | Singapore | 0.3439 | 2024 | up 3.5% | flat |
| 159 | Paraguay | 0.3417 | 2024 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 160 | Botswana | 0.339 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 161 | North Macedonia, Republic of | 0.3384 | 2024 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 162 | Croatia | 0.3381 | 2024 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 163 | Greece | 0.3354 | 2024 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 164 | Italy | 0.3342 | 2024 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 165 | Bahamas, The | 0.3333 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 166 | Malta | 0.3307 | 2024 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 167 | Luxembourg | 0.3227 | 2024 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 168 | Jordan | 0.3226 | 2024 | down 2.7% | flat |
| 169 | Belgium | 0.3175 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 170 | Slovak Republic | 0.3154 | 2024 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 171 | Netherlands | 0.3016 | 2024 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 172 | France | 0.2845 | 2024 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 173 | Czechia | 0.2825 | 2024 | up 0.4% | flat |
| 174 | Austria | 0.2786 | 2024 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 175 | Germany | 0.2786 | 2024 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 176 | Spain | 0.2786 | 2024 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 177 | United Kingdom | 0.2755 | 2024 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 178 | Hungary | 0.2652 | 2024 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 179 | Denmark | 0.2384 | 2024 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 180 | Switzerland | 0.2259 | 2024 | down 4.8% | flat |
About this data
The ND-GAIN index is a global free open-source index, that measures a country’s current vulnerability to climate disruptions and assesses a country’s readiness to leverage private and public sector investment for adaptive actions. The IMF-adapted ND-GAIN index is an adaptation of the original index, adjusted by IMF staff to replace the Doing Business (DB) Index, used as source data in the original ND-GAIN, because the DB database has been discontinued by the World Bank in 2020 and it is no longer allowed in IMF work. The IMF-adapted ND-GAIN is an interim solution offered by IMF staff until the ND-GAIN compilers will review the methodology and replace the DB index.