Service imports (BoP, current US$) by country
Imports of services are services provided by non-residents to residents. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
What the numbers show
Service imports (BoP, current US$) is currently reported for 200 countries. The highest value is 903.28 billion BoP, current US$ in United States; the lowest is 28.48 million BoP, current US$ in Eritrea.
The median across all reporting countries is 3.89 billion BoP, current US$, and the mean is 41.48 billion BoP, current US$.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 31,716.
Over the past decade 173 countries rose and 26 fell. The largest increase was in Eritrea (up 2,750.6%), and the largest decrease in Liberia (down 62.4%).
Service imports: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 903.28 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 81.3% | volatile |
| 2 | China | 622.79 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 42.9% | volatile |
| 3 | Germany | 601.60 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 97.5% | volatile |
| 4 | Ireland | 466.57 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 195.6% | volatile |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 450.05 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 88.2% | volatile |
| 6 | Singapore | 384.79 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 138.0% | volatile |
| 7 | France | 370.06 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 56.7% | volatile |
| 8 | Japan | 269.16 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 50.7% | rising |
| 9 | Netherlands | 261.82 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 49.4% | volatile |
| 10 | Switzerland | 213.90 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 68.7% | volatile |
| 11 | India | 202.68 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 145.2% | volatile |
| 12 | South Korea | 184.66 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 64.7% | volatile |
| 13 | Italy | 177.10 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 72.5% | volatile |
| 14 | Belgium | 174.99 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 67.8% | rising |
| 15 | Canada | 169.19 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 61.2% | volatile |
| 16 | Sweden | 144.09 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 109.9% | volatile |
| 17 | Luxembourg | 132.61 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 91.8% | volatile |
| 18 | Saudi Arabia | 128.68 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 38.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Spain | 126.79 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 105.3% | volatile |
| 20 | Denmark | 125.46 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 87.9% | volatile |
| 21 | Australia | 115.84 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 77.9% | volatile |
| 22 | Brazil | 105.06 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 32.4% | volatile |
| 23 | Austria | 98.29 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 105.0% | rising |
| 24 | Russia | 94.84 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 6.8% | volatile |
| 25 | Hong Kong | 90.01 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 26 | Poland | 86.50 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 170.2% | volatile |
| 27 | Thailand | 77.19 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 81.6% | volatile |
| 28 | Mexico | 75.42 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 71.3% | volatile |
| 29 | Norway | 73.87 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 56.3% | volatile |
| 30 | Indonesia | 62.99 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 103.7% | volatile |
| 31 | Malaysia | 56.37 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 24.4% | volatile |
| 32 | Turkey | 55.82 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 98.2% | volatile |
| 33 | Israel | 53.17 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 120.0% | volatile |
| 34 | Finland | 48.94 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 76.9% | volatile |
| 35 | Czechia | 42.90 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 117.1% | volatile |
| 36 | Philippines | 38.24 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 62.0% | volatile |
| 37 | Romania | 35.91 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 212.6% | volatile |
| 38 | Vietnam | 35.60 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 145.5% | volatile |
| 39 | Qatar | 31.35 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 40 | Greece | 31.14 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 83.1% | volatile |
| 41 | Iraq | 30.22 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 60.6% | rising |
| 42 | Hungary | 29.85 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 75.1% | volatile |
| 43 | Egypt | 29.61 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 69.0% | volatile |
| 44 | Kuwait | 29.60 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 24.4% | volatile |
| 45 | Argentina | 29.27 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 53.8% | volatile |
| 46 | Portugal | 27.92 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 73.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Cyprus | 25.30 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 283.4% | volatile |
| 48 | Ukraine | 23.09 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 86.8% | volatile |
| 49 | Chile | 21.95 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 55.4% | volatile |
| 50 | South Africa | 21.77 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 38.5% | volatile |
| 51 | New Zealand | 20.28 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 68.6% | rising |
| 52 | Nigeria | 19.64 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 0.1% | volatile |
| 53 | Colombia | 19.63 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 40.6% | volatile |
| 54 | Lithuania | 17.48 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 269.0% | volatile |
| 55 | Malta | 17.40 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 67.3% | volatile |
| 56 | Morocco | 16.69 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 110.9% | volatile |
| 57 | Peru | 15.87 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 87.9% | volatile |
| 58 | Bangladesh | 14.69 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 90.3% | volatile |
| 59 | Ghana | 14.64 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 100.3% | volatile |
| 60 | Serbia | 14.62 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 271.9% | volatile |
| 61 | Slovakia | 14.32 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 79.6% | volatile |
| 62 | Kazakhstan | 14.01 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 27.9% | volatile |
| 63 | Uzbekistan | 13.64 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 341.0% | volatile |
| 64 | Oman | 12.77 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 27.5% | volatile |
| 65 | Bahrain | 12.37 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 82.9% | volatile |
| 66 | Estonia | 12.04 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 201.6% | volatile |
| 67 | Pakistan | 12.04 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 36.7% | volatile |
| 68 | Slovenia | 10.78 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 125.7% | volatile |
| 69 | Azerbaijan | 10.25 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 18.2% | volatile |
| 70 | Libya | 10.05 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 18.7% | volatile |
| 71 | Venezuela | 9.47 billion BoP, current US$ | 2016 | up 58.1% | volatile |
| 72 | Bulgaria | 9.42 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 99.9% | volatile |
| 73 | Algeria | 9.13 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 22.6% | volatile |
| 74 | Costa Rica | 8.64 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 180.0% | volatile |
| 75 | Angola | 8.51 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | down 50.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Croatia | 8.42 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 118.9% | rising |
| 77 | Belarus | 7.55 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 70.9% | volatile |
| 78 | Latvia | 7.07 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 170.1% | volatile |
| 79 | Macao | 6.91 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 83.1% | rising |
| 80 | Cote d'Ivoire | 6.63 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 116.3% | rising |
| 81 | Lebanon | 6.63 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | down 48.7% | rising |
| 82 | Jordan | 6.50 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 40.3% | volatile |
| 83 | Guatemala | 6.45 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 106.5% | volatile |
| 84 | Ecuador | 6.22 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 94.2% | volatile |
| 85 | Iceland | 5.98 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 114.5% | volatile |
| 86 | Uruguay | 5.96 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 38.8% | volatile |
| 87 | Panama | 5.91 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 22.5% | volatile |
| 88 | Dominican Republic | 5.65 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 77.9% | volatile |
| 89 | Kenya | 5.64 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 68.3% | volatile |
| 90 | Ethiopia | 5.51 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 24.1% | volatile |
| 91 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 5.02 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 128.9% | rising |
| 92 | Guyana | 4.95 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 885.4% | volatile |
| 93 | Mongolia | 4.92 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 159.5% | volatile |
| 94 | Armenia | 4.65 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 189.1% | volatile |
| 95 | Albania | 4.55 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 172.9% | volatile |
| 96 | Uganda | 4.45 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 66.3% | volatile |
| 97 | Honduras | 4.10 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 146.0% | volatile |
| 98 | Senegal | 4.08 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 182.5% | volatile |
| 99 | El Salvador | 3.94 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 159.5% | volatile |
| 100 | Tunisia | 3.92 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 15.2% | volatile |
| 101 | Georgia | 3.85 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 128.9% | volatile |
| 102 | Myanmar | 3.66 billion BoP, current US$ | 2019 | up 493.8% | volatile |
| 103 | Suriname | 3.59 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 406.7% | volatile |
| 104 | Syria | 3.53 billion BoP, current US$ | 2010 | up 111.9% | volatile |
| 105 | Sri Lanka | 3.48 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 6.7% | volatile |
| 106 | Jamaica | 3.46 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 54.0% | volatile |
| 107 | Kyrgyzstan | 3.43 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 174.9% | volatile |
| 108 | Cambodia | 3.22 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 43.6% | volatile |
| 109 | Guinea | 3.15 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 477.4% | volatile |
| 110 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2.80 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | down 3.9% | volatile |
| 111 | Tanzania | 2.80 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 5.5% | volatile |
| 112 | Paraguay | 2.75 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 63.7% | volatile |
| 113 | Bahamas | 2.47 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 43.1% | volatile |
| 114 | Namibia | 2.47 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 180.1% | volatile |
| 115 | Cameroon | 2.40 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 9.6% | volatile |
| 116 | Papua New Guinea | 2.40 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 4.3% | volatile |
| 117 | North Macedonia | 2.40 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 109.8% | volatile |
| 118 | Iran | 2.30 billion BoP, current US$ | 2000 | down 42.0% | falling |
| 119 | Mauritius | 2.28 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 7.4% | volatile |
| 120 | Nepal | 2.27 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 89.7% | volatile |
| 121 | Bolivia | 2.25 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | down 20.7% | volatile |
| 122 | Kosovo | 2.20 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 301.5% | volatile |
| 122 | Kosovo (UNSCR 1244) | 2.20 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 301.5% | volatile |
| 124 | South Sudan | 2.19 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 499.8% | rising |
| 125 | Moldova | 2.17 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 156.1% | volatile |
| 126 | Mozambique | 2.11 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 42.2% | rising |
| 127 | Cayman Islands | 2.00 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 81.8% | rising |
| 128 | Zambia | 1.99 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 21.2% | volatile |
| 129 | Maldives | 1.89 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 138.5% | volatile |
| 130 | Gabon | 1.88 billion BoP, current US$ | 2015 | up 81.6% | rising |
| 131 | Mali | 1.80 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 17.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Congo | 1.71 billion BoP, current US$ | 2021 | down 55.1% | volatile |
| 133 | Zimbabwe | 1.66 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 15.1% | volatile |
| 134 | Sudan | 1.59 billion BoP, current US$ | 2022 | down 24.6% | volatile |
| 135 | Benin | 1.54 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 102.4% | volatile |
| 136 | Brunei | 1.54 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | down 6.9% | rising |
| 137 | Burkina Faso | 1.47 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 138 | Yemen | 1.46 billion BoP, current US$ | 2016 | down 21.4% | rising |
| 139 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.42 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 147.0% | rising |
| 140 | Palestine | 1.38 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | down 6.2% | volatile |
| 141 | Nicaragua | 1.31 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 29.7% | volatile |
| 142 | Botswana | 1.29 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 4.9% | volatile |
| 143 | Madagascar | 1.27 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 144 | Laos | 1.27 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 10.2% | volatile |
| 145 | Montenegro | 1.24 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 163.0% | rising |
| 146 | Aruba | 1.18 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Tajikistan | 1.14 billion BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 147.3% | rising |
| 148 | New Caledonia | 1.11 billion BoP, current US$ | 2016 | down 1.0% | rising |
| 149 | Afghanistan | 1.11 billion BoP, current US$ | 2020 | up 2.0% | volatile |
| 150 | Bermuda | 1.08 billion BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 21.0% | flat |
| 151 | Mauritania | 1.05 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 16.4% | volatile |
| 152 | Andorra | 1.04 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 85.6% | rising |
| 153 | Niger | 1.03 billion BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 0.9% | volatile |
| 154 | Seychelles | 999.75 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 98.5% | volatile |
| 155 | Fiji | 995.84 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 64.9% | volatile |
| 156 | Rwanda | 990.89 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 49.7% | rising |
| 157 | Curacao | 934.55 million BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 2.7% | falling |
| 158 | Malawi | 894.57 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 232.8% | volatile |
| 159 | San Marino | 894.03 million BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 34.2% | rising |
| 160 | Djibouti | 729.63 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 37.1% | volatile |
| 161 | Barbados | 686.96 million BoP, current US$ | 2017 | up 19.6% | volatile |
| 162 | Saint Lucia | 671.73 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 97.1% | volatile |
| 163 | Antigua and Barbuda | 614.46 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 43.8% | volatile |
| 164 | Eswatini | 541.63 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 82.7% | volatile |
| 165 | Haiti | 517.50 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 52.4% | volatile |
| 166 | Sierra Leone | 513.94 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 58.5% | volatile |
| 167 | East Timor | 474.68 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | down 28.8% | falling |
| 168 | Lesotho | 467.17 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 61.3% | rising |
| 169 | Togo | 437.85 million BoP, current US$ | 2020 | up 8.3% | volatile |
| 170 | Burundi | 406.28 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 77.7% | volatile |
| 171 | Grenada | 397.49 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 118.7% | volatile |
| 172 | Faroe Islands | 394.20 million BoP, current US$ | 2011 | up 274.5% | volatile |
| 173 | French Polynesia | 384.04 million BoP, current US$ | 2016 | down 29.3% | falling |
| 174 | Belize | 351.61 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 58.8% | volatile |
| 175 | Cape Verde | 349.66 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 26.5% | volatile |
| 176 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 330.39 million BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 25.7% | flat |
| 177 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 258.62 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 19.3% | volatile |
| 178 | Liberia | 252.84 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 62.4% | volatile |
| 179 | Solomon Islands | 248.42 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 11.1% | volatile |
| 180 | Vanuatu | 229.59 million BoP, current US$ | 2022 | up 57.3% | volatile |
| 181 | Bhutan | 227.83 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 182 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 212.55 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 74.4% | volatile |
| 183 | Dominica | 207.95 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 58.6% | volatile |
| 184 | Comoros | 205.36 million BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 97.8% | volatile |
| 185 | Chad | 199.41 million BoP, current US$ | 1994 | up 121.4% | volatile |
| 186 | Guinea-Bissau | 198.43 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 70.3% | volatile |
| 187 | Equatorial Guinea | 184.58 million BoP, current US$ | 1996 | up 353.7% | volatile |
| 188 | Tonga | 161.06 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 145.4% | volatile |
| 189 | Gambia | 160.90 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 37.2% | rising |
| 190 | Central African Republic | 113.83 million BoP, current US$ | 1994 | up 31.8% | rising |
| 191 | Kiribati | 110.34 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 33.8% | volatile |
| 192 | Samoa | 107.59 million BoP, current US$ | 2025 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 193 | Nauru | 88.22 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 112.0% | volatile |
| 194 | Sao Tome and Principe | 83.04 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | down 1.8% | volatile |
| 195 | Micronesia (country) | 76.82 million BoP, current US$ | 2014 | down 11.3% | falling |
| 196 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 74.41 million BoP, current US$ | 2018 | — | rising |
| 197 | Marshall Islands | 64.21 million BoP, current US$ | 2024 | up 6.4% | rising |
| 198 | Palau | 43.00 million BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 199 | Tuvalu | 32.44 million BoP, current US$ | 2023 | up 19.2% | rising |
| 200 | Eritrea | 28.48 million BoP, current US$ | 2000 | up 2,750.6% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- World 8.69 trillion BoP, current US$
- High income 6.76 trillion BoP, current US$
- OECD members 5.73 trillion BoP, current US$
- Post-demographic dividend 5.42 trillion BoP, current US$
- Europe & Central Asia 4.20 trillion BoP, current US$
- European Union 3.19 trillion BoP, current US$
- Euro area 2.71 trillion BoP, current US$
- IDA & IBRD total 2.22 trillion BoP, current US$
- Late-demographic dividend 2.10 trillion BoP, current US$
- East Asia & Pacific 2.08 trillion BoP, current US$
- IBRD only 2.01 trillion BoP, current US$
- Low & middle income 1.93 trillion BoP, current US$
- Middle income 1.89 trillion BoP, current US$
- Upper middle income 1.45 trillion BoP, current US$
- North America 1.07 trillion BoP, current US$
- Early-demographic dividend 941.23 billion BoP, current US$
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 918.35 billion BoP, current US$
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 916.71 billion BoP, current US$
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 611.66 billion BoP, current US$
- Arab World 489.66 billion BoP, current US$
- Lower middle income 435.22 billion BoP, current US$
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 418.30 billion BoP, current US$
- Latin America & Caribbean 382.96 billion BoP, current US$
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 355.83 billion BoP, current US$
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 307.02 billion BoP, current US$
- Central Europe and the Baltics 275.84 billion BoP, current US$
- South Asia 225.55 billion BoP, current US$
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 225.55 billion BoP, current US$
- IDA total 183.68 billion BoP, current US$
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 159.18 billion BoP, current US$
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 146.54 billion BoP, current US$
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 145.55 billion BoP, current US$
- Sub-Saharan Africa 138.68 billion BoP, current US$
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 138.68 billion BoP, current US$
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 137.66 billion BoP, current US$
- Pre-demographic dividend 122.55 billion BoP, current US$
- IDA only 115.65 billion BoP, current US$
- Small states 88.87 billion BoP, current US$
- Least developed countries 86.93 billion BoP, current US$
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 85.41 billion BoP, current US$
About this data
Imports of services are services provided by non-residents to residents. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.