Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU), per unit of GDP by country
Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
What the numbers show
Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU), per unit of GDP is currently reported for 207 countries. The highest value is 294,374 current LCU per US$ of GDP in Iran, Islamic Republic of; the lowest is 0 current LCU per US$ of GDP in Venezuela.
The median across all reporting countries is 2.56 current LCU per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 1,664 current LCU per US$ of GDP.
Over the past decade 124 countries rose and 82 fell. The largest increase was in Zimbabwe (up 13,177,700.0%), and the largest decrease in Sao Tome and Principe (down 81.4%).
Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU), per: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 294,374 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 2,993.0% | volatile |
| 2 | Viet Nam | 9,398 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 26.4% | rising |
| 3 | Indonesia | 6,378 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 18.9% | volatile |
| 4 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 5,963 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 164.9% | volatile |
| 5 | Uzbekistan | 4,094 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 563.4% | volatile |
| 6 | Paraguay | 2,439 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 35.5% | volatile |
| 7 | Lebanon | 2,357 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 864.7% | volatile |
| 8 | Guinea | 2,193 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 11.3% | volatile |
| 9 | Cambodia | 1,731 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 35.3% | rising |
| 10 | Mongolia | 1,321 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 112.7% | volatile |
| 11 | Madagascar | 1,083 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 94.8% | rising |
| 12 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1,063 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 183.1% | volatile |
| 13 | Burundi | 972.59 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 301.3% | volatile |
| 14 | Uganda | 892.28 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 16.4% | volatile |
| 15 | Colombia | 881.98 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 12.5% | volatile |
| 16 | Myanmar | 760.2 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 81.0% | volatile |
| 17 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 756.9 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 55.3% | volatile |
| 18 | Sudan | 744.7 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 48,745.3% | volatile |
| 19 | Iraq | 590.08 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 11.5% | volatile |
| 20 | South Korea | 488.33 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 23.0% | volatile |
| 21 | Syria | 447.88 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 2,453.1% | volatile |
| 22 | Rwanda | 314.89 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 147.9% | volatile |
| 23 | Chile | 298.94 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 63.9% | volatile |
| 24 | Angola | 286.37 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 403.5% | volatile |
| 25 | Argentina | 283.83 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 12,144.5% | volatile |
| 26 | Gabon | 274.59 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 27 | Malawi | 250.44 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 185.5% | volatile |
| 28 | Nigeria | 249.67 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 541.5% | volatile |
| 29 | Equatorial Guinea | 240.98 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 31.0% | falling |
| 30 | Congo | 207.24 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 28.0% | volatile |
| 31 | Burkina Faso | 174.95 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 21.5% | rising |
| 32 | Kazakhstan | 168.54 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 146.4% | volatile |
| 33 | Guyana | 156.56 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 206.7% | volatile |
| 34 | Chad | 155.62 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 22.4% | volatile |
| 35 | Senegal | 152.16 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 9.1% | rising |
| 36 | Cameroon | 144.17 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.8% | rising |
| 37 | Cote d'Ivoire | 139.25 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.1% | rising |
| 38 | Yemen | 136.35 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2018 | up 29.8% | volatile |
| 39 | Mali | 135.89 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 2.8% | volatile |
| 40 | Central African Republic | 123.51 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 5.6% | flat |
| 41 | Togo | 122.3 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 9.5% | rising |
| 42 | Niger | 108.93 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 18.2% | volatile |
| 43 | Benin | 101.86 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 5.2% | volatile |
| 44 | Costa Rica | 100.1 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 5.4% | volatile |
| 45 | Guinea-Bissau | 91.62 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 19.9% | volatile |
| 46 | Armenia | 89.27 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 27.3% | falling |
| 47 | Hungary | 81.12 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 48 | Sri Lanka | 76.56 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 90.7% | volatile |
| 49 | Pakistan | 56.06 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 181.9% | volatile |
| 50 | Algeria | 45.8 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 38.9% | rising |
| 51 | Comoros | 43.05 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.7% | flat |
| 52 | Bangladesh | 41.13 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 97.3% | volatile |
| 53 | Japan | 40.53 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 36.2% | falling |
| 54 | Haiti | 35.94 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 184.0% | volatile |
| 55 | Ethiopia | 33.17 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 873.7% | volatile |
| 56 | Djibouti | 29.47 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 45.5% | rising |
| 57 | Bhutan | 28.9 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.1% | volatile |
| 58 | Jamaica | 25.91 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 28.5% | rising |
| 59 | Iceland | 25.76 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 60 | Russia | 24.82 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 36.7% | volatile |
| 61 | New Caledonia | 23.8 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2019 | up 23.1% | flat |
| 62 | Serbia | 23.2 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 20.0% | rising |
| 63 | Kyrgyzstan | 23.11 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 43.0% | volatile |
| 64 | India | 22.01 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 22.9% | volatile |
| 65 | Kenya | 21.04 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13.4% | volatile |
| 66 | Albania | 18.95 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 38.5% | falling |
| 67 | Dominican Republic | 17.61 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 45.2% | volatile |
| 68 | Nepal | 16.42 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.4% | volatile |
| 69 | Egypt | 15.92 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 485.6% | volatile |
| 70 | Philippines | 15.52 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 11.9% | volatile |
| 71 | Mozambique | 14.15 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 90.1% | volatile |
| 72 | North Macedonia | 13.17 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 73 | Somalia | 12.51 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 1986 | up 1,604.8% | volatile |
| 74 | Vanuatu | 11.99 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 38.4% | rising |
| 75 | Mauritania | 11.84 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 60.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Zimbabwe | 11.79 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13,177,700.0% | volatile |
| 77 | Suriname | 11.63 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 1,065.2% | volatile |
| 78 | Gambia | 11.36 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 55.9% | volatile |
| 79 | French Polynesia | 11.15 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2020 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 80 | Nicaragua | 10.72 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 52.8% | volatile |
| 81 | Cape Verde | 10.49 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 27.8% | falling |
| 82 | Afghanistan | 10.31 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 15.4% | falling |
| 83 | Thailand | 10.22 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 17.5% | rising |
| 84 | Turkey | 9.48 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 1,146.2% | volatile |
| 85 | Zambia | 8.88 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 205.7% | volatile |
| 86 | Mauritius | 8.14 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 87 | Ukraine | 7.45 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 57.0% | volatile |
| 88 | Uruguay | 6.96 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 0.0% | volatile |
| 89 | Honduras | 6.59 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.1% | volatile |
| 90 | Czechia | 6.28 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 23.8% | falling |
| 91 | Eswatini | 6.01 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 27.5% | volatile |
| 92 | Mexico | 5.88 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 20.3% | volatile |
| 93 | Sierra Leone | 5.82 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 589.3% | volatile |
| 94 | Namibia | 5.18 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 45.9% | volatile |
| 95 | Lesotho | 4.5 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 4.5% | volatile |
| 96 | South Africa | 4.31 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 42.4% | volatile |
| 97 | Libya | 3.89 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 707.8% | volatile |
| 98 | Botswana | 3.76 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.0% | volatile |
| 99 | Ghana | 3.67 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 218.0% | volatile |
| 100 | Norway | 3.58 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 44.0% | rising |
| 101 | Tajikistan | 3.5 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 213.9% | volatile |
| 102 | Eritrea | 3.35 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2009 | up 97.1% | rising |
| 103 | Moldova | 2.94 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 26.0% | rising |
| 104 | China | 2.56 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 2.8% | volatile |
| 105 | Morocco | 2.36 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 5.7% | rising |
| 106 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2.34 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 16.4% | rising |
| 107 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 2.16 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 13.2% | volatile |
| 108 | Seychelles | 2.11 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 109 | Qatar | 2.08 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 110 | Sweden | 2.07 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 111 | Solomon Islands | 1.98 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 58.9% | rising |
| 112 | Turkmenistan | 1.96 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 2.9% | volatile |
| 113 | Guatemala | 1.67 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.9% | volatile |
| 114 | Denmark | 1.64 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.0% | falling |
| 115 | United Arab Emirates | 1.63 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 116 | Saudi Arabia | 1.61 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 117 | Malaysia | 1.53 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 118 | Maldives | 1.44 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 12.7% | rising |
| 119 | Papua New Guinea | 1.41 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 74.4% | volatile |
| 120 | Peru | 1.29 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 43.1% | volatile |
| 121 | Greenland | 1.27 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 24.8% | rising |
| 122 | Faroe Islands | 1.26 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 43.5% | flat |
| 123 | South Sudan | 1.19 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2015 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 124 | Romania | 1.13 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 8.2% | volatile |
| 125 | Brazil | 1.13 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 74.8% | volatile |
| 126 | Poland | 0.9716 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 16.8% | rising |
| 127 | Belarus | 0.9693 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 86.2% | volatile |
| 128 | Brunei Darussalam | 0.7846 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 129 | Azerbaijan | 0.6718 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 46.1% | volatile |
| 130 | Tunisia | 0.658 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 34.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Israel | 0.6373 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 132 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.5629 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 8.3% | rising |
| 133 | Georgia | 0.5102 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13.7% | volatile |
| 134 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.4906 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 14.1% | rising |
| 135 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.4833 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 81.4% | falling |
| 136 | Hong Kong | 0.4813 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 137 | Puerto Rico | 0.4703 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 7.7% | rising |
| 138 | Tonga | 0.4196 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 43.5% | rising |
| 139 | Grenada | 0.4181 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.7% | rising |
| 140 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.4078 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 1.0% | falling |
| 141 | Dominica | 0.3811 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 142 | Macao | 0.3772 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 6.2% | falling |
| 143 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.3736 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 144 | Australia | 0.3691 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 29.6% | falling |
| 145 | Canada | 0.356 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 32.1% | falling |
| 146 | Liechtenstein | 0.3514 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2023 | down 3.5% | flat |
| 147 | Ireland | 0.3341 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 148 | San Marino | 0.3308 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 14.6% | rising |
| 149 | Fiji | 0.3191 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 150 | New Zealand | 0.3165 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 27.6% | falling |
| 151 | Singapore | 0.2964 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.2% | falling |
| 152 | Belize | 0.2914 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 153 | Saint Lucia | 0.2886 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 154 | Samoa | 0.283 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 155 | Ecuador | 0.2567 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 156 | Slovenia | 0.2508 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 0.7% | rising |
| 157 | Panama | 0.249 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.3% | flat |
| 158 | Slovakia | 0.2487 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 7.8% | falling |
| 159 | Liberia | 0.2453 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 160 | El Salvador | 0.2448 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.2% | flat |
| 161 | Barbados | 0.2441 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.9% | falling |
| 162 | Cuba | 0.2302 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 6.9% | rising |
| 163 | Germany | 0.2226 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 164 | Kosovo | 0.221 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 9.0% | rising |
| 165 | Curacao | 0.2181 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 25.5% | falling |
| 166 | Austria | 0.2122 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 7.7% | falling |
| 167 | Switzerland | 0.2079 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 12.7% | falling |
| 168 | Oman | 0.2028 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 169 | Italy | 0.2004 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 9.6% | falling |
| 170 | Finland | 0.1993 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 171 | Lithuania | 0.196 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 172 | Jordan | 0.1943 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.6% | rising |
| 173 | Aruba | 0.194 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 174 | Bulgaria | 0.1882 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 13.2% | volatile |
| 175 | Kiribati | 0.1785 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 14.0% | flat |
| 176 | United States | 0.1758 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 9.4% | falling |
| 177 | Estonia | 0.1746 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 16.2% | falling |
| 178 | Spain | 0.1732 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 179 | Croatia | 0.1677 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 180 | Kuwait | 0.1658 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 181 | Latvia | 0.1654 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 182 | Belgium | 0.1647 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.2% | falling |
| 183 | Palestine | 0.1625 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 9.6% | falling |
| 184 | Portugal | 0.1615 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 185 | Netherlands | 0.1564 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 0.3% | falling |
| 186 | Bahrain | 0.155 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 5.4% | falling |
| 187 | France | 0.1485 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 188 | Greece | 0.1347 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 3.5% | falling |
| 189 | Marshall Islands | 0.1341 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 8.0% | rising |
| 190 | Palau | 0.1302 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 71.0% | falling |
| 191 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 0.1252 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 5.5% | falling |
| 192 | Monaco | 0.1182 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 24.4% | rising |
| 193 | Timor-Leste | 0.1182 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 30.4% | volatile |
| 194 | Andorra | 0.1132 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.8% | falling |
| 195 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 0.1079 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 53.4% | falling |
| 196 | Montenegro | 0.0996 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 23.4% | falling |
| 197 | Cyprus | 0.0987 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 7.4% | falling |
| 198 | Bahamas | 0.0963 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 27.0% | falling |
| 199 | Tuvalu | 0.0935 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2015 | down 4.0% | falling |
| 200 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.0934 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 17.1% | falling |
| 201 | Malta | 0.0892 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 18.1% | volatile |
| 202 | Luxembourg | 0.0785 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 203 | Cayman Islands | 0.0637 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 10.8% | falling |
| 204 | Isle of Man | 0.06 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 205 | Micronesia (country) | 0.0528 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 12.4% | falling |
| 206 | Bermuda | 0.049 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 2.2% | falling |
| 207 | Venezuela | 0 current LCU per US$ of GDP | 2011 | — | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Chagai 0.0661 current LCU per US$ of GDP
How this figure is calculated
Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU) ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Industry (including construction), value added Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs)
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.