Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $), per unit of GDP by country
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
182
Highest
6 current international $ per US$ of GDP
Egypt
Lowest
0.2468 current international $ per US$ of GDP
Ireland
Median
1.38 current international $ per US$ of GDP
Years covered
36
1990–2025
Data points
6,835
What the numbers show
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $), per unit of GDP is currently reported for 182 countries. The highest value is 6 current international $ per US$ of GDP in Egypt; the lowest is 0.2468 current international $ per US$ of GDP in Ireland.
The median across all reporting countries is 1.38 current international $ per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 1.48 current international $ per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 24.
Over the past decade 126 countries rose and 51 fell. The largest increase was in Angola (up 222.2%), and the largest decrease in Haiti (down 51.2%).
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure … unit GDP PPP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Egypt | 6 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 130.3% | rising |
| 2 | Afghanistan | 5.67 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | — | rising |
| 3 | Syria | 4.42 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | — | rising |
| 4 | Guyana | 3.82 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2005 | up 24.5% | rising |
| 5 | Ethiopia | 3.58 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 85.2% | rising |
| 6 | Pakistan | 3.57 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 34.9% | falling |
| 7 | Nepal | 3.27 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.4% | falling |
| 8 | Somalia | 3.05 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | — | falling |
| 9 | Gambia | 3.01 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 4.9% | rising |
| 10 | Tajikistan | 2.82 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 11 | Kyrgyzstan | 2.78 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 12 | Lesotho | 2.78 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 13 | Sierra Leone | 2.56 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 14 | Iran | 2.53 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 78.1% | falling |
| 15 | Madagascar | 2.51 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.7% | falling |
| 16 | Sri Lanka | 2.5 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 37.6% | falling |
| 17 | Bangladesh | 2.5 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 2.1% | falling |
| 18 | Ghana | 2.5 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 33.2% | falling |
| 19 | India | 2.49 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.3% | falling |
| 20 | Rwanda | 2.47 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 14.9% | rising |
| 21 | Jordan | 2.44 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2007 | up 20.4% | rising |
| 22 | Tunisia | 2.43 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 29.0% | rising |
| 23 | Malawi | 2.35 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 24 | Ukraine | 2.35 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.9% | rising |
| 25 | Uzbekistan | 2.26 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 41.6% | rising |
| 26 | Kenya | 2.21 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 21.0% | falling |
| 27 | Lebanon | 2.21 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 29.8% | rising |
| 28 | Bhutan | 2.16 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 52.8% | falling |
| 29 | Mali | 2.15 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 3.0% | rising |
| 30 | Philippines | 2.14 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 26.5% | flat |
| 31 | Central African Republic | 2.13 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 30.1% | rising |
| 32 | Cameroon | 2.11 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 33 | Kosovo | 2.11 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 24.7% | rising |
| 33 | Kosovo (UNSCR 1244) | 2.11 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 24.7% | rising |
| 35 | Bolivia | 2.07 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 6.1% | falling |
| 36 | Nicaragua | 2.06 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 15.0% | falling |
| 37 | Yemen | 2.06 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2013 | down 37.3% | rising |
| 38 | Togo | 2.04 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 39 | Burundi | 2.03 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 12.0% | falling |
| 40 | Belarus | 2.01 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.0% | rising |
| 41 | Angola | 2 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 222.2% | volatile |
| 42 | Niger | 1.99 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 43 | Sudan | 1.97 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2022 | down 21.2% | flat |
| 44 | Guatemala | 1.95 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 12.3% | falling |
| 45 | Tanzania | 1.94 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 46 | Namibia | 1.9 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 32.6% | rising |
| 47 | Guinea-Bissau | 1.86 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 0.7% | falling |
| 48 | Azerbaijan | 1.86 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 14.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Malaysia | 1.85 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 40.2% | rising |
| 50 | Vietnam | 1.84 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 8.5% | falling |
| 51 | East Timor | 1.84 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 38.5% | falling |
| 52 | Thailand | 1.81 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 28.8% | rising |
| 53 | Burkina Faso | 1.81 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 9.2% | rising |
| 54 | Indonesia | 1.8 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 11.9% | falling |
| 55 | Uganda | 1.79 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.9% | falling |
| 56 | Georgia | 1.78 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.0% | falling |
| 57 | Mozambique | 1.78 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 16.2% | rising |
| 58 | Colombia | 1.78 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.2% | falling |
| 59 | Dominican Republic | 1.77 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.3% | falling |
| 60 | Mauritania | 1.76 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 61 | Comoros | 1.74 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 6.7% | flat |
| 62 | Armenia | 1.74 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 63 | El Salvador | 1.73 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 6.6% | falling |
| 64 | Paraguay | 1.73 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.3% | flat |
| 65 | Benin | 1.73 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 66 | Fiji | 1.72 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 40.2% | rising |
| 67 | Moldova | 1.71 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 33.4% | falling |
| 68 | Cote d'Ivoire | 1.71 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 7.6% | falling |
| 69 | Honduras | 1.69 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 5.4% | falling |
| 70 | Kiribati | 1.68 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 67.1% | rising |
| 71 | Laos | 1.66 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2016 | down 34.7% | falling |
| 72 | Zambia | 1.66 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 88.1% | rising |
| 73 | Senegal | 1.64 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 9.0% | rising |
| 74 | Montenegro | 1.64 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 75 | Guinea | 1.6 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 28.4% | falling |
| 76 | North Macedonia | 1.6 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.4% | flat |
| 77 | Cambodia | 1.59 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 78 | Mauritius | 1.57 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 15.5% | rising |
| 79 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1.56 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.6% | rising |
| 80 | Mongolia | 1.55 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 4.1% | falling |
| 81 | South Africa | 1.52 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13.6% | rising |
| 82 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1.49 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 33.5% | falling |
| 83 | Chad | 1.49 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.3% | falling |
| 84 | Ecuador | 1.42 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 28.4% | falling |
| 85 | Eswatini | 1.41 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 86 | Papua New Guinea | 1.41 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2004 | up 54.5% | rising |
| 87 | Morocco | 1.4 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 6.3% | flat |
| 88 | Russia | 1.39 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 89 | Kazakhstan | 1.39 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 56.0% | falling |
| 90 | Argentina | 1.39 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 66.6% | rising |
| 91 | Djibouti | 1.38 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.3% | rising |
| 92 | Brazil | 1.37 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 36.4% | rising |
| 93 | Algeria | 1.32 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 94 | Cape Verde | 1.31 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 95 | Zimbabwe | 1.29 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 45.8% | falling |
| 96 | Congo | 1.29 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 61.8% | rising |
| 97 | Albania | 1.27 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 31.5% | volatile |
| 98 | Romania | 1.27 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.3% | falling |
| 99 | Bulgaria | 1.25 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 13.5% | falling |
| 100 | Tonga | 1.25 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 14.2% | falling |
| 101 | Serbia | 1.23 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 22.3% | falling |
| 102 | Turkey | 1.22 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 12.0% | flat |
| 103 | Seychelles | 1.21 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 42.4% | rising |
| 104 | Mexico | 1.19 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 2.8% | flat |
| 105 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.17 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 173.5% | volatile |
| 106 | Botswana | 1.16 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 107 | Belize | 1.16 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 108 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1.11 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 4.7% | rising |
| 109 | Chile | 1.11 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 110 | Peru | 1.08 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 111 | Iraq | 1.08 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 21.0% | falling |
| 112 | Samoa | 1.08 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 19.1% | rising |
| 113 | Poland | 1.06 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.3% | flat |
| 114 | Greece | 1.05 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 115 | Costa Rica | 1.02 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 8.7% | falling |
| 116 | Palestine | 0.9995 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 30.9% | falling |
| 117 | Panama | 0.9592 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 118 | Croatia | 0.9546 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 119 | Portugal | 0.9393 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 7.1% | rising |
| 120 | Haiti | 0.9315 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 51.2% | falling |
| 121 | Saudi Arabia | 0.9258 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 3.9% | falling |
| 122 | Latvia | 0.9235 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 0.9% | falling |
| 123 | Slovakia | 0.9177 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 5.1% | falling |
| 124 | Libya | 0.9156 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.9% | rising |
| 125 | Solomon Islands | 0.9115 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 53.9% | falling |
| 126 | Hungary | 0.9073 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 127 | Hong Kong | 0.8951 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 128 | American Samoa | 0.8884 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 129 | Lithuania | 0.8787 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 20.6% | falling |
| 130 | Curacao | 0.8777 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2018 | down 3.9% | flat |
| 131 | Cyprus | 0.8458 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 132 | Maldives | 0.843 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 47.9% | rising |
| 133 | Northern Mariana Islands | 0.8368 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 43.2% | rising |
| 134 | Puerto Rico | 0.8365 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 38.9% | rising |
| 135 | Uruguay | 0.8197 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2015 | down 39.8% | falling |
| 136 | Oman | 0.8133 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 55.6% | rising |
| 137 | China | 0.8102 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 37.5% | falling |
| 138 | Spain | 0.8089 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 139 | Japan | 0.8083 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 47.1% | rising |
| 140 | Bahrain | 0.7941 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 141 | Italy | 0.7901 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 19.7% | rising |
| 142 | Gabon | 0.7857 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 17.2% | rising |
| 143 | South Korea | 0.7761 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 32.3% | falling |
| 144 | Slovenia | 0.767 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 6.5% | flat |
| 145 | Palau | 0.7513 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 3.9% | flat |
| 146 | Aruba | 0.7312 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 147 | Brunei | 0.7273 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 98.8% | rising |
| 148 | Vanuatu | 0.7182 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 149 | Czechia | 0.7073 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 15.2% | falling |
| 150 | Kuwait | 0.6939 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 61.4% | falling |
| 151 | Estonia | 0.6938 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 11.2% | falling |
| 152 | Marshall Islands | 0.6887 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 3.9% | flat |
| 153 | United States | 0.6804 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 154 | Germany | 0.6549 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 155 | United Kingdom | 0.6543 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 26.7% | rising |
| 156 | France | 0.6537 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 157 | Malta | 0.646 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 158 | United Arab Emirates | 0.6349 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 32.4% | falling |
| 159 | New Zealand | 0.6274 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | up 45.5% | falling |
| 160 | Canada | 0.6187 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 12.2% | flat |
| 161 | Austria | 0.6115 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 10.5% | rising |
| 162 | Belgium | 0.5999 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 163 | Suriname | 0.5922 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2010 | — | falling |
| 164 | Bahamas | 0.581 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2024 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 165 | Finland | 0.5602 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 12.3% | rising |
| 166 | New Caledonia | 0.5541 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | — | flat |
| 167 | Guam | 0.5521 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 1.2% | flat |
| 168 | Australia | 0.5471 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 25.1% | falling |
| 169 | Sweden | 0.508 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 19.0% | rising |
| 170 | Netherlands | 0.497 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 8.1% | flat |
| 171 | Macao | 0.4889 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 33.0% | falling |
| 172 | San Marino | 0.471 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2023 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 173 | Israel | 0.4584 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 1.2% | falling |
| 174 | Norway | 0.442 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 28.8% | rising |
| 175 | Denmark | 0.4176 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 176 | Singapore | 0.397 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 13.9% | falling |
| 177 | Switzerland | 0.3864 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 8.6% | falling |
| 178 | Iceland | 0.3826 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 179 | Luxembourg | 0.3395 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | up 13.1% | falling |
| 180 | Bermuda | 0.3265 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 181 | Qatar | 0.2507 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2022 | up 55.1% | falling |
| 182 | Ireland | 0.2468 current international $ per US$ of GDP | 2025 | down 13.7% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Lower middle income 2.98 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- IDA total 2.95 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 2.9 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 2.88 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- South Asia 2.5 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 2.5 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Low income 2.42 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 2.31 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Sub-Saharan Africa 2.31 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 2.31 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- IDA only 2.29 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Least developed countries 2.29 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 1.94 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Early-demographic dividend 1.92 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Africa Eastern and Southern 1.89 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 1.61 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Arab World 1.52 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 1.48 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Low & middle income 1.42 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Middle income 1.41 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 1.4 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- IDA & IBRD total 1.4 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.38 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Pacific island small states 1.37 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.36 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Latin America & Caribbean 1.36 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- IBRD only 1.32 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Upper middle income 1.11 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Late-demographic dividend 1.01 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Central Europe and the Baltics 1 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.9689 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 0.9689 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- World 0.9504 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- East Asia & Pacific 0.8988 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Small states 0.8829 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Other small states 0.8676 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- Europe & Central Asia 0.8012 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- High income 0.7122 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- OECD members 0.7097 current international $ per US$ of GDP
- European Union 0.7006 current international $ per US$ of GDP
How this figure is calculated
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $) ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP International Comparison Program (ICP), World Bank (WB)
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.