Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Value Standard Local Currency by country
The FAOSTAT Macro Indicators database provides a selection of country-level macro indicators relating to total economy (Gross Domestic Product, Gross Fixed Capital Formation); agriculture activity; agriculture, forestry and fishing activity; total manufacturing activity; manufacturing of food products and beverages...
Countries reporting
230
Highest
52.90 billion million SLC
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Lowest
29.57 million SLC
Tuvalu
Median
166,860 million SLC
Years covered
55
1970–2024
Data points
11,667
What the numbers show
Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Value Standard Local Currency is currently reported for 230 countries. The highest value is 52.90 billion million SLC in Iran (Islamic Republic of); the lowest is 29.57 million SLC in Tuvalu.
The median across all reporting countries is 166,860 million SLC, and the mean is 303.87 million million SLC.
Over the past decade 213 countries rose and 17 fell. The largest increase was in Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) (up 2,300,230,000,000.0%), and the largest decrease in Equatorial Guinea (down 74.0%).
Gross Fixed Capital Formation — Value Standard Local Currency: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 52.90 billion million SLC | 2024 | up 1,410.3% | volatile |
| 2 | Indonesia | 6.49 billion million SLC | 2024 | up 88.9% | volatile |
| 3 | Vietnam | 3.36 billion million SLC | 2024 | up 139.3% | volatile |
| 3 | Viet Nam | 3.36 billion million SLC | 2024 | up 139.3% | volatile |
| 5 | Republic of Korea | 817.42 million million SLC | 2024 | up 70.9% | volatile |
| 6 | Uzbekistan | 512.19 million million SLC | 2024 | up 1,135.7% | volatile |
| 7 | Lebanon | 451.23 million million SLC | 2024 | up 2,453.2% | volatile |
| 8 | Colombia | 298.38 million million SLC | 2024 | up 72.5% | volatile |
| 9 | Japan | 154.55 million million SLC | 2024 | up 18.8% | rising |
| 10 | India | 102.08 million million SLC | 2024 | up 157.8% | volatile |
| 11 | Argentina | 91.73 million million SLC | 2024 | up 12,436.5% | volatile |
| 12 | Nigeria | 90.11 million million SLC | 2024 | up 562.8% | volatile |
| 13 | United Republic of Tanzania | 82.68 million million SLC | 2024 | up 186.4% | volatile |
| 14 | Laos | 78.08 million million SLC | 2024 | up 138.2% | volatile |
| 14 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 78.08 million million SLC | 2024 | up 138.2% | volatile |
| 16 | Chile | 71.97 million million SLC | 2024 | up 90.9% | volatile |
| 17 | Paraguay | 69.92 million million SLC | 2024 | up 96.2% | volatile |
| 18 | Somalia | 69.04 million million SLC | 2024 | up 386.6% | volatile |
| 19 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 65.42 million million SLC | 2024 | up 752.0% | volatile |
| 20 | Cambodia | 58.26 million million SLC | 2024 | up 124.9% | volatile |
| 21 | China, mainland | 56.10 million million SLC | 2024 | up 98.8% | volatile |
| 22 | Uganda | 49.30 million million SLC | 2024 | up 101.6% | volatile |
| 23 | Myanmar | 45.69 million million SLC | 2024 | up 120.7% | volatile |
| 24 | Russia | 43.92 million million SLC | 2024 | up 159.5% | volatile |
| 24 | Russian Federation | 43.92 million million SLC | 2024 | up 159.5% | volatile |
| 26 | Iraq | 39.41 million million SLC | 2024 | down 38.5% | volatile |
| 27 | Guinea | 36.91 million million SLC | 2024 | up 163.9% | volatile |
| 28 | Kazakhstan | 34.04 million million SLC | 2024 | up 298.0% | volatile |
| 29 | Sudan | 25.52 million million SLC | 2024 | up 46,409.8% | volatile |
| 30 | Mongolia | 22.66 million million SLC | 2024 | up 251.5% | volatile |
| 31 | Hungary | 19.32 million million SLC | 2024 | up 164.8% | volatile |
| 32 | Madagascar | 17.82 million million SLC | 2024 | up 222.4% | volatile |
| 33 | Bangladesh | 15.36 million million SLC | 2024 | up 240.8% | volatile |
| 34 | Cote d'Ivoire | 13.99 million million SLC | 2024 | up 176.2% | volatile |
| 34 | Côte d'Ivoire | 13.99 million million SLC | 2024 | up 176.2% | volatile |
| 36 | Turkey | 13.46 million million SLC | 2024 | up 2,178.1% | volatile |
| 36 | Türkiye | 13.46 million million SLC | 2024 | up 2,178.1% | volatile |
| 38 | Syria | 12.32 million million SLC | 2024 | up 4,041.4% | volatile |
| 38 | Syrian Arab Republic | 12.32 million million SLC | 2024 | up 4,041.4% | volatile |
| 40 | Algeria | 11.89 million million SLC | 2024 | up 84.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Pakistan | 11.68 million million SLC | 2024 | up 213.9% | volatile |
| 42 | Mexico | 8.20 million million SLC | 2024 | up 108.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Angola | 7.89 million million SLC | 2024 | up 100.4% | volatile |
| 44 | Costa Rica | 7.78 million million SLC | 2024 | up 40.0% | volatile |
| 45 | Cameroon | 6.65 million million SLC | 2024 | up 90.5% | volatile |
| 46 | Senegal | 6.42 million million SLC | 2024 | up 177.2% | volatile |
| 47 | United States | 6.29 million million SLC | 2024 | up 75.0% | volatile |
| 48 | Philippines | 6.23 million million SLC | 2024 | up 126.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Sri Lanka | 5.74 million million SLC | 2024 | up 76.4% | volatile |
| 50 | Rwanda | 5.47 million million SLC | 2024 | up 329.3% | volatile |
| 51 | Benin | 5.30 million million SLC | 2024 | up 273.6% | volatile |
| 52 | Thailand | 4.13 million million SLC | 2024 | up 26.6% | volatile |
| 53 | Kenya | 2.96 million million SLC | 2024 | up 106.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Niger | 2.77 million million SLC | 2024 | up 70.1% | volatile |
| 55 | Mali | 2.58 million million SLC | 2024 | up 103.5% | volatile |
| 56 | Congo | 2.55 million million SLC | 2024 | down 47.5% | volatile |
| 57 | Burkina Faso | 2.33 million million SLC | 2024 | up 81.2% | volatile |
| 58 | Chad | 2.32 million million SLC | 2024 | up 22.4% | volatile |
| 59 | Gabon | 2.29 million million SLC | 2024 | down 27.4% | volatile |
| 60 | Ethiopia | 2.26 million million SLC | 2024 | up 477.7% | volatile |
| 61 | Malawi | 2.25 million million SLC | 2024 | up 438.9% | volatile |
| 62 | Armenia | 2.20 million million SLC | 2024 | up 127.5% | volatile |
| 63 | Dominican Republic | 2.17 million million SLC | 2024 | up 225.2% | volatile |
| 64 | Czechia | 2.11 million million SLC | 2024 | up 93.3% | rising |
| 65 | Yemen | 2.05 million million SLC | 2024 | up 76.1% | volatile |
| 66 | Serbia | 2.04 million million SLC | 2024 | up 208.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Brazil | 2.00 million million SLC | 2024 | up 74.2% | volatile |
| 68 | Sweden | 1.57 million million SLC | 2024 | up 74.9% | volatile |
| 69 | Nepal | 1.41 million million SLC | 2024 | up 150.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Egypt | 1.38 million million SLC | 2024 | up 422.1% | volatile |
| 71 | Burundi | 1.32 million million SLC | 2024 | up 118.0% | volatile |
| 72 | Togo | 1.26 million million SLC | 2024 | up 71.1% | volatile |
| 73 | Norway | 1.23 million million SLC | 2024 | up 64.2% | volatile |
| 74 | Ukraine | 1.21 million million SLC | 2024 | up 440.4% | volatile |
| 75 | Iceland | 1.18 million million SLC | 2024 | up 230.4% | volatile |
| 76 | Saudi Arabia | 1.17 million million SLC | 2024 | up 62.8% | volatile |
| 77 | South Africa | 1.07 million million SLC | 2024 | up 41.8% | volatile |
| 78 | Germany | 909,014 million SLC | 2024 | up 52.0% | rising |
| 79 | Equatorial Guinea | 799,829 million SLC | 2024 | down 74.0% | volatile |
| 80 | Jamaica | 763,074 million SLC | 2024 | up 124.8% | volatile |
| 81 | Australia | 703,358 million SLC | 2024 | up 65.2% | volatile |
| 82 | South Sudan | 692,561 million SLC | 2024 | up 19,793.7% | volatile |
| 83 | Canada | 685,093 million SLC | 2024 | up 40.8% | volatile |
| 84 | Denmark | 661,843 million SLC | 2024 | up 71.3% | volatile |
| 85 | France | 653,277 million SLC | 2024 | up 44.5% | volatile |
| 86 | Poland | 607,406 million SLC | 2024 | up 77.4% | volatile |
| 87 | Albania | 584,699 million SLC | 2024 | up 73.5% | volatile |
| 88 | Uruguay | 528,838 million SLC | 2024 | up 88.8% | volatile |
| 89 | Guyana | 523,012 million SLC | 2024 | up 113.9% | volatile |
| 90 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 509,321 million SLC | 2024 | down 4.1% | volatile |
| 91 | Italy | 483,380 million SLC | 2024 | up 74.5% | volatile |
| 92 | United Kingdom | 479,736 million SLC | 2024 | up 52.4% | volatile |
| 92 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 479,736 million SLC | 2024 | up 52.4% | volatile |
| 94 | Kyrgyzstan | 467,192 million SLC | 2024 | up 255.0% | volatile |
| 95 | Mozambique | 461,543 million SLC | 2024 | up 52.6% | volatile |
| 96 | Israel | 454,984 million SLC | 2024 | up 83.3% | volatile |
| 97 | Romania | 452,242 million SLC | 2024 | up 174.9% | volatile |
| 98 | United Arab Emirates | 409,022 million SLC | 2024 | up 39.7% | volatile |
| 99 | Morocco | 403,925 million SLC | 2024 | up 47.9% | volatile |
| 100 | Malaysia | 396,515 million SLC | 2024 | up 38.0% | volatile |
| 101 | Central African Republic | 392,167 million SLC | 2024 | up 98.1% | volatile |
| 102 | New Caledonia | 340,673 million SLC | 2024 | up 1.9% | volatile |
| 103 | Haiti | 331,620 million SLC | 2024 | up 196.3% | volatile |
| 104 | Spain | 314,620 million SLC | 2024 | up 66.4% | volatile |
| 105 | USSR | 293,456 million SLC | 1990 | up 63.5% | rising |
| 106 | Qatar | 290,860 million SLC | 2024 | up 21.9% | volatile |
| 107 | North Macedonia | 237,857 million SLC | 2024 | up 91.9% | volatile |
| 108 | Peru | 226,782 million SLC | 2024 | up 62.1% | volatile |
| 109 | Honduras | 224,559 million SLC | 2024 | up 143.0% | volatile |
| 110 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 224,066 million SLC | 2024 | up 89.4% | volatile |
| 111 | Czechoslovakia | 220,965 million SLC | 1989 | up 41.1% | rising |
| 112 | Afghanistan | 219,718 million SLC | 2024 | up 37.3% | volatile |
| 113 | Djibouti | 217,814 million SLC | 2024 | up 98.4% | volatile |
| 114 | Switzerland | 201,619 million SLC | 2024 | up 19.3% | rising |
| 115 | Mauritius | 172,703 million SLC | 2024 | up 133.4% | volatile |
| 116 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 161,016 million SLC | 2024 | up 2,300,230,000,000.0% | volatile |
| 117 | Zambia | 158,524 million SLC | 2024 | up 206.0% | volatile |
| 118 | Singapore | 157,442 million SLC | 2024 | up 40.3% | volatile |
| 119 | Belgium | 150,001 million SLC | 2024 | up 62.1% | volatile |
| 120 | Guatemala | 140,272 million SLC | 2024 | up 106.7% | volatile |
| 121 | French Polynesia | 138,649 million SLC | 2024 | up 33.8% | rising |
| 122 | Nicaragua | 138,045 million SLC | 2023 | up 79.4% | volatile |
| 123 | Bhutan | 123,819 million SLC | 2024 | up 66.8% | volatile |
| 124 | Austria | 121,409 million SLC | 2024 | up 57.2% | volatile |
| 125 | Ghana | 121,033 million SLC | 2024 | up 188.7% | volatile |
| 126 | Turkmenistan | 112,017 million SLC | 2024 | up 81.2% | volatile |
| 127 | New Zealand | 108,078 million SLC | 2024 | up 98.2% | volatile |
| 128 | Mauritania | 98,012 million SLC | 2024 | up 29.4% | volatile |
| 129 | Ireland | 91,363 million SLC | 2024 | up 125.4% | volatile |
| 130 | Comoros | 87,923 million SLC | 2024 | up 35.5% | volatile |
| 131 | Botswana | 74,975 million SLC | 2024 | up 112.3% | volatile |
| 132 | Guinea-Bissau | 70,271 million SLC | 2024 | up 124.1% | volatile |
| 133 | Suriname | 69,262 million SLC | 2024 | up 738.0% | volatile |
| 134 | Moldova | 68,756 million SLC | 2024 | up 100.5% | volatile |
| 134 | Republic of Moldova | 68,756 million SLC | 2024 | up 100.5% | volatile |
| 136 | Gambia | 65,538 million SLC | 2024 | up 667.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Finland | 59,110 million SLC | 2024 | up 32.1% | volatile |
| 138 | Namibia | 58,023 million SLC | 2024 | up 22.5% | volatile |
| 139 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 57,480 million SLC | 2024 | up 20.2% | volatile |
| 140 | Portugal | 56,726 million SLC | 2024 | up 116.1% | volatile |
| 141 | Belarus | 56,370 million SLC | 2024 | up 110.6% | volatile |
| 142 | China, Macao SAR | 55,484 million SLC | 2024 | down 33.3% | volatile |
| 143 | Tajikistan | 54,524 million SLC | 2024 | up 251.4% | volatile |
| 144 | Cabo Verde | 52,503 million SLC | 2024 | down 0.6% | volatile |
| 145 | Sierra Leone | 50,285 million SLC | 2024 | up 1,590.5% | volatile |
| 146 | Vanuatu | 46,289 million SLC | 2024 | up 163.9% | volatile |
| 147 | Maldives | 38,101 million SLC | 2024 | up 150.7% | volatile |
| 148 | Greece | 36,467 million SLC | 2024 | up 84.1% | volatile |
| 149 | Bulgaria | 36,389 million SLC | 2024 | up 105.3% | volatile |
| 150 | Yugoslav SFR | 34,192 million SLC | 1989 | up 76,291.8% | volatile |
| 151 | Libya | 31,670 million SLC | 2024 | up 87.0% | volatile |
| 152 | Panama | 29,858 million SLC | 2024 | up 44.6% | volatile |
| 153 | Slovakia | 28,105 million SLC | 2024 | up 73.0% | rising |
| 154 | Tunisia | 24,068 million SLC | 2024 | up 34.0% | volatile |
| 155 | Sudan (former) | 22,838 million SLC | 2007 | up 1,031.6% | volatile |
| 156 | Ecuador | 22,291 million SLC | 2024 | down 7.6% | volatile |
| 157 | Trinidad and Tobago | 20,351 million SLC | 2024 | down 36.1% | volatile |
| 158 | Croatia | 20,237 million SLC | 2024 | up 139.8% | volatile |
| 159 | Georgia | 20,108 million SLC | 2024 | up 195.6% | volatile |
| 160 | Azerbaijan | 18,093 million SLC | 2024 | up 11.8% | volatile |
| 161 | Puerto Rico | 17,884 million SLC | 2024 | up 98.0% | volatile |
| 162 | Lithuania | 17,718 million SLC | 2024 | up 153.9% | volatile |
| 163 | Cuba | 15,390 million SLC | 2024 | up 161.2% | volatile |
| 164 | Eswatini | 14,107 million SLC | 2024 | up 133.3% | volatile |
| 165 | Luxembourg | 13,501 million SLC | 2024 | up 37.6% | volatile |
| 166 | Slovenia | 13,435 million SLC | 2024 | up 85.4% | volatile |
| 167 | Zimbabwe | 13,190 million SLC | 2024 | up 604.1% | volatile |
| 168 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 11,885 million SLC | 2024 | up 89.7% | volatile |
| 169 | Lesotho | 11,770 million SLC | 2024 | up 51.2% | volatile |
| 170 | Estonia | 10,315 million SLC | 2024 | up 99.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Oman | 10,306 million SLC | 2024 | down 3.1% | volatile |
| 172 | Kuwait | 10,196 million SLC | 2024 | up 34.7% | volatile |
| 173 | Latvia | 9,325 million SLC | 2024 | up 73.0% | volatile |
| 174 | Papua New Guinea | 8,785 million SLC | 2024 | down 21.3% | volatile |
| 175 | El Salvador | 7,907 million SLC | 2024 | up 126.6% | volatile |
| 176 | Greenland | 7,114 million SLC | 2024 | up 90.6% | volatile |
| 177 | Yemen Ar Rp | 6,959 million SLC | 1988 | up 61.2% | volatile |
| 178 | Cyprus | 6,864 million SLC | 2024 | up 192.6% | volatile |
| 179 | Jordan | 5,938 million SLC | 2024 | up 2.1% | volatile |
| 180 | Brunei | 5,818 million SLC | 2024 | down 1.6% | volatile |
| 180 | Brunei Darussalam | 5,818 million SLC | 2024 | down 1.6% | volatile |
| 182 | Bahrain | 5,082 million SLC | 2024 | up 58.1% | volatile |
| 183 | Seychelles | 4,229 million SLC | 2024 | down 17.5% | volatile |
| 184 | Malta | 4,033 million SLC | 2024 | up 167.6% | volatile |
| 185 | Sao Tome and Principe | 3,878 million SLC | 2024 | up 139.2% | volatile |
| 186 | Solomon Islands | 3,424 million SLC | 2024 | up 149.7% | volatile |
| 187 | Bahamas | 3,423 million SLC | 2024 | up 1.5% | volatile |
| 188 | Ethiopia PDR | 3,387 million SLC | 1989 | up 237.9% | volatile |
| 189 | Palestine | 3,004 million SLC | 2024 | up 1.5% | volatile |
| 189 | Palestine | 3,004 million SLC | 2024 | up 1.5% | volatile |
| 191 | Eritrea | 2,623 million SLC | 2024 | down 11.3% | rising |
| 192 | Netherlands Antilles (former) | 2,504 million SLC | 2012 | up 55.6% | volatile |
| 193 | Monaco | 2,281 million SLC | 2024 | up 104.2% | volatile |
| 194 | Barbados | 2,264 million SLC | 2024 | up 29.5% | volatile |
| 195 | Antigua and Barbuda | 2,195 million SLC | 2024 | up 141.1% | volatile |
| 196 | Fiji | 2,186 million SLC | 2024 | up 23.9% | volatile |
| 197 | Liechtenstein | 1,912 million SLC | 2024 | up 24.0% | volatile |
| 198 | Grenada | 1,651 million SLC | 2024 | up 280.6% | volatile |
| 199 | Curacao | 1,599 million SLC | 2024 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 199 | Curaçao | 1,599 million SLC | 2024 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 201 | Montenegro | 1,510 million SLC | 2024 | up 129.7% | volatile |
| 202 | Saint Lucia | 1,454 million SLC | 2024 | up 56.8% | volatile |
| 203 | Aruba | 1,436 million SLC | 2024 | up 33.1% | volatile |
| 204 | Belize | 1,407 million SLC | 2024 | up 99.8% | volatile |
| 205 | Cayman Islands | 1,266 million SLC | 2024 | up 138.4% | volatile |
| 206 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1,185 million SLC | 2024 | up 141.3% | volatile |
| 207 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 1,039 million SLC | 2024 | up 84.9% | volatile |
| 208 | Bermuda | 1,013 million SLC | 2024 | up 30.6% | volatile |
| 209 | Liberia | 947.12 million SLC | 2024 | up 245.3% | volatile |
| 210 | Samoa | 909.46 million SLC | 2024 | up 34.6% | volatile |
| 211 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 908.35 million SLC | 2024 | up 19.9% | volatile |
| 212 | Dominica | 729.84 million SLC | 2024 | up 246.2% | volatile |
| 213 | Andorra | 715.43 million SLC | 2024 | up 61.1% | volatile |
| 214 | British Virgin Islands | 374.56 million SLC | 2024 | up 30.3% | volatile |
| 215 | East Timor | 359.64 million SLC | 2024 | down 39.5% | volatile |
| 215 | Timor-Leste | 359.64 million SLC | 2024 | down 39.5% | volatile |
| 217 | Tonga | 348.28 million SLC | 2024 | up 106.5% | volatile |
| 218 | Anguilla | 344.25 million SLC | 2024 | up 63.5% | volatile |
| 219 | San Marino | 328.96 million SLC | 2024 | up 40.1% | volatile |
| 220 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 237.82 million SLC | 2024 | up 77.2% | volatile |
| 221 | Yemen Dem | 146.89 million SLC | 1988 | up 119.2% | volatile |
| 222 | Micronesia (Federated States of) | 140.24 million SLC | 2024 | up 56.7% | volatile |
| 223 | Kiribati | 115.58 million SLC | 2024 | up 85.0% | volatile |
| 224 | Cook Islands | 113.19 million SLC | 2024 | up 162.9% | volatile |
| 225 | Palau | 110.45 million SLC | 2024 | up 53.8% | volatile |
| 226 | Nauru | 70.88 million SLC | 2024 | up 71.1% | volatile |
| 226 | Nauru | 70.88 million SLC | 2024 | up 71.1% | volatile |
| 228 | Montserrat | 57.65 million SLC | 2024 | up 30.2% | volatile |
| 229 | Marshall Islands | 55.35 million SLC | 2024 | up 51.6% | volatile |
| 230 | Tuvalu | 29.57 million SLC | 2024 | up 1,390.3% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- United States of America 6.29 million million SLC
About this data
The FAOSTAT Macro Indicators database provides a selection of country-level macro indicators relating to total economy (Gross Domestic Product, Gross Fixed Capital Formation); agriculture activity; agriculture, forestry and fishing activity; total manufacturing activity; manufacturing of food products and beverages activity; manufacturing activity of tobacco products; and manufacturing activity of food, beverage and tobacco products.It releases time series for a selection of National Accounts variables, including gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation, industry-level value added and gross output. The database also proposes additional indicators such as gross domestic product per capita, year-on-year growth rates and measures of industry contribution to gross domestic product. All data relating to Gross Domestic Product, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, agriculture, forestry and fishing activity, and to total manufacturing activity originates from the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) National Accounts Estimates of Main Aggregates database, which consists of a complete and consistent set of time series of the main National Accounts aggregates of all UN Members States and other territories in the world for which National Accounts information is available. The UNSD database's content is based on the countries' official National Accounts data reported to UNSD through the annual National Accounts Questionnaire, supplemented with data estimates for any years and countries with incomplete or inconsistent information (See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Introduction.asp). Data series relating to the sub-industry Agriculture activity are obtained from the UNSD national accounts Official Country Data databases while series on the Manufacturing activity of food and beverages products, manufacturing activity of tobacco products and manufacturing activity of food, beverages and tobacco products originates from the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) INDSTAT2 database. In order to ensure that sub-industry series are consistent in levels with National Accounts based series, which is needed to support comparability across industries (agriculture vs. agro-industry and sub-industries), UNIDO originating series are rescaled on UNSD National Accounts Estimates of Main Aggregates data series (See Section 17.5 for a more detailed description of the data processing steps).