Gross fixed capital formation in European Union
European Union: Gross fixed capital formation was 21.3% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Gross fixed capital formation in European Union, 1970–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
European Union recorded 21.3% for gross fixed capital formation in 2025.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.7% on the previous year and up 6.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross fixed capital formation in European Union peaked at 27.4% in 1971 and was at its lowest, 19.6%, in 2013.
That places European Union 35th out of 43 groups with data for 2025, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 56 years of available data.
Gross fixed capital formation in European Union, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 27.3% | — |
| 1971 | 27.4% | +0.5% |
| 1972 | 27.3% | -0.5% |
| 1973 | 27.1% | -0.7% |
| 1974 | 26.4% | -2.7% |
| 1975 | 25.3% | -4.1% |
| 1976 | 24.7% | -2.1% |
| 1977 | 24.7% | -0.3% |
| 1978 | 24.4% | -0.9% |
| 1979 | 24.6% | +0.6% |
| 1980 | 25.3% | +2.7% |
| 1981 | 24.4% | -3.4% |
| 1982 | 23.4% | -4.1% |
| 1983 | 22.8% | -2.4% |
| 1984 | 22.2% | -2.6% |
| 1985 | 22.2% | -0.3% |
| 1986 | 22.1% | -0.5% |
| 1987 | 22.5% | +1.8% |
| 1988 | 23.1% | +3.0% |
| 1989 | 23.8% | +2.9% |
| 1990 | 24.2% | +1.6% |
| 1991 | 23.8% | -1.7% |
| 1992 | 23.1% | -2.8% |
| 1993 | 21.7% | -6.2% |
| 1994 | 21.5% | -0.7% |
| 1995 | 21.5% | -0.1% |
| 1996 | 21.4% | -0.6% |
| 1997 | 21.4% | -0.2% |
| 1998 | 21.8% | +2.1% |
| 1999 | 22.3% | +2.2% |
| 2000 | 22.7% | +2.0% |
| 2001 | 22.2% | -2.0% |
| 2002 | 21.5% | -3.2% |
| 2003 | 21.4% | -0.5% |
| 2004 | 21.5% | +0.6% |
| 2005 | 21.9% | +1.5% |
| 2006 | 22.6% | +3.3% |
| 2007 | 23.3% | +2.8% |
| 2008 | 23.0% | -0.9% |
| 2009 | 21.1% | -8.6% |
| 2010 | 20.5% | -2.6% |
| 2011 | 20.6% | +0.4% |
| 2012 | 20.1% | -2.3% |
| 2013 | 19.6% | -2.9% |
| 2014 | 19.6% | +0.2% |
| 2015 | 20.0% | +2.1% |
| 2016 | 20.2% | +0.9% |
| 2017 | 20.5% | +1.5% |
| 2018 | 20.9% | +2.0% |
| 2019 | 22.0% | +5.2% |
| 2020 | 21.9% | -0.4% |
| 2021 | 21.8% | -0.5% |
| 2022 | 22.0% | +1.1% |
| 2023 | 22.1% | +0.3% |
| 2024 | 21.2% | -4.3% |
| 2025 | 21.3% | +0.7% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 25.9% | 24.4% | 27.4% | 10 |
| 1980s | 23.2% | 22.1% | 25.3% | 10 |
| 1990s | 22.3% | 21.4% | 24.2% | 10 |
| 2000s | 22.1% | 21.1% | 23.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 20.4% | 19.6% | 22.0% | 10 |
| 2020s | 21.7% | 21.2% | 22.1% | 6 |
Countries ranked near European Union
- 32 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 28.8% compare
- 33 Samoa 28.8% compare
- 34 Indonesia 28.8% compare
- 35 Senegal 28.7% compare
- 36 Bangladesh 28.5% compare
- 37 Republic of Korea 28.3% compare
- 38 Botswana 28.2% compare
More economy & growth data for European Union
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.162 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross fixed capital formation (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 2.74 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross fixed capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.1594 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross fixed capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per capita 7,507 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current US$), annual growth rate 10.94 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.2199 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current US$), per capita 10,354 current US$ per person (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 4 % change on previous year (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.3645 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 3.67 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross fixed capital formation in European Union?
- Gross fixed capital formation in European Union was 21.3% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross fixed capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The highest recorded value was 27.4% in 1971.
- What is the lowest gross fixed capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The lowest recorded value was 19.6% in 2013.
- How does European Union rank for gross fixed capital formation?
- European Union ranks 35th out of 43 groups with data for 2025.
- Is gross fixed capital formation rising or falling in European Union?
- Over the last ten years it is up 6.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this European Union data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.