Gross capital formation in Poland
Poland: Gross capital formation was 17.9% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Gross capital formation in Poland, 1995–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
In 2025, gross capital formation in Poland stood at 17.9%.
Compared with earlier readings it is up 0.5% on the previous year and down 14.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in Poland peaked at 25.5% in 1999 and was at its lowest, 17.7%, in 2023.
Poland ranks 147th of 187 countries on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 31 years of available data.
Gross capital formation in Poland, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 19.9% | — |
| 1996 | 21.9% | +10.0% |
| 1997 | 23.8% | +8.8% |
| 1998 | 25.2% | +6.1% |
| 1999 | 25.5% | +1.1% |
| 2000 | 24.7% | -3.1% |
| 2001 | 20.6% | -16.4% |
| 2002 | 18.5% | -10.2% |
| 2003 | 18.9% | +2.0% |
| 2004 | 20.5% | +8.3% |
| 2005 | 20.1% | -1.9% |
| 2006 | 22.0% | +9.2% |
| 2007 | 25.4% | +15.8% |
| 2008 | 24.8% | -2.6% |
| 2009 | 20.8% | -16.2% |
| 2010 | 20.9% | +0.5% |
| 2011 | 22.3% | +7.1% |
| 2012 | 20.8% | -6.9% |
| 2013 | 19.1% | -8.0% |
| 2014 | 20.8% | +8.9% |
| 2015 | 20.8% | -0.1% |
| 2016 | 20.1% | -3.4% |
| 2017 | 19.9% | -0.9% |
| 2018 | 21.4% | +7.7% |
| 2019 | 20.7% | -3.4% |
| 2020 | 18.8% | -9.0% |
| 2021 | 21.8% | +15.8% |
| 2022 | 22.1% | +1.1% |
| 2023 | 17.7% | -19.9% |
| 2024 | 17.8% | +0.8% |
| 2025 | 17.9% | +0.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 23.2% | 19.9% | 25.5% | 5 |
| 2000s | 21.6% | 18.5% | 25.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 20.7% | 19.1% | 22.3% | 10 |
| 2020s | 19.3% | 17.7% | 22.1% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Poland
- 144 Namibia 18.7% compare
- 145 Hong Kong, China 18.3% compare
- 146 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 17.9% compare
- 148 Cape Verde 17.4% compare
- 149 Greece 17.2% compare
- 150 Burkina Faso 17.2% compare
More economy & growth data for Poland
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 5.62 % change on previous year (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.3617 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per capita 10,278 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- External balance on goods and services (current US$), annual growth -19.02 % change on previous year (2025)
- External balance on goods and services (current LCU), annual growth -23.5 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), annual 2.95 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), per 0.0923 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU), per 2,622 current LCU per person (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) 1.55 % change on previous year (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) 0.0124 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in Poland?
- Gross capital formation in Poland was 17.9% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in Poland?
- The highest recorded value was 25.5% in 1999.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in Poland?
- The lowest recorded value was 17.7% in 2023.
- How does Poland rank for gross capital formation?
- Poland ranks 147th out of 187 countries with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in Poland?
- Over the last ten years it is down 14.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Poland data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 31 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.