Gross capital formation in Estonia
Estonia: Gross capital formation was 24.8% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Gross capital formation in Estonia, 1993–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
Estonia recorded 24.8% for gross capital formation in 2025.
That represents a change of up 1.2% on the previous year and up 0.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in Estonia peaked at 40.0% in 2007 and was at its lowest, 21.0%, in 2009.
Estonia ranks 75th of 187 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 33 years of available data.
Gross capital formation in Estonia, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 26.0% | — |
| 1994 | 26.8% | +3.2% |
| 1995 | 26.4% | -1.5% |
| 1996 | 27.5% | +4.1% |
| 1997 | 30.7% | +11.8% |
| 1998 | 31.6% | +2.9% |
| 1999 | 25.9% | -18.1% |
| 2000 | 28.5% | +9.9% |
| 2001 | 29.6% | +4.0% |
| 2002 | 32.9% | +11.2% |
| 2003 | 35.2% | +6.9% |
| 2004 | 34.6% | -1.5% |
| 2005 | 33.4% | -3.7% |
| 2006 | 39.8% | +19.4% |
| 2007 | 40.0% | +0.5% |
| 2008 | 31.6% | -20.9% |
| 2009 | 21.0% | -33.6% |
| 2010 | 21.6% | +2.8% |
| 2011 | 25.5% | +18.0% |
| 2012 | 29.1% | +14.2% |
| 2013 | 26.9% | -7.6% |
| 2014 | 26.7% | -0.5% |
| 2015 | 24.6% | -7.8% |
| 2016 | 24.7% | +0.2% |
| 2017 | 25.9% | +5.0% |
| 2018 | 27.9% | +7.4% |
| 2019 | 26.4% | -5.4% |
| 2020 | 29.7% | +12.5% |
| 2021 | 30.9% | +4.4% |
| 2022 | 27.9% | -9.8% |
| 2023 | 25.1% | -10.0% |
| 2024 | 24.6% | -2.3% |
| 2025 | 24.8% | +1.2% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 27.8% | 25.9% | 31.6% | 7 |
| 2000s | 32.7% | 21.0% | 40.0% | 10 |
| 2010s | 25.9% | 21.6% | 29.1% | 10 |
| 2020s | 27.2% | 24.6% | 30.9% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More economy & growth data for Estonia
- Gross capital formation (current US$), annual growth rate 10.35 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.2485 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current US$), per capita 8,552 current US$ per person (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current LCU), annual growth rate 5.7 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current LCU), per unit of GDP 0.2199 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation (current LCU), per capita 7,568 current LCU per person (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 5.4 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.1586 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$), per capita 5,457 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$), annual growth rate 11.98 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in Estonia?
- Gross capital formation in Estonia was 24.8% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 40.0% in 2007.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 21.0% in 2009.
- How does Estonia rank for gross capital formation?
- Estonia ranks 75th out of 187 countries with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 0.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.