Gross capital formation in Estonia
Estonia: Gross capital formation was 11.69 billion current US$ in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Gross capital formation in Estonia, 1993–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in current US$.
Analysis
The most recent figure for gross capital formation in Estonia is 11.69 billion current US$, measured in 2025. That is the highest value across all 33 years on record.
The figure is up 10.3% on the previous year and up 103.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in Estonia peaked at 11.69 billion current US$ in 2025 and was at its lowest, 1.04 billion current US$, in 1993.
Estonia ranks 89th of 187 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross capital formation in Estonia, year by year
| Year | current US$ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | 1.04 billion current US$ | — |
| 1994 | 1.11 billion current US$ | +6.0% |
| 1995 | 1.19 billion current US$ | +7.6% |
| 1996 | 1.32 billion current US$ | +10.6% |
| 1997 | 1.58 billion current US$ | +20.4% |
| 1998 | 1.79 billion current US$ | +13.3% |
| 1999 | 1.49 billion current US$ | -16.9% |
| 2000 | 1.62 billion current US$ | +8.6% |
| 2001 | 1.85 billion current US$ | +14.3% |
| 2002 | 2.43 billion current US$ | +31.2% |
| 2003 | 3.48 billion current US$ | +43.2% |
| 2004 | 4.21 billion current US$ | +21.1% |
| 2005 | 4.71 billion current US$ | +11.8% |
| 2006 | 6.78 billion current US$ | +44.1% |
| 2007 | 8.98 billion current US$ | +32.5% |
| 2008 | 7.70 billion current US$ | -14.3% |
| 2009 | 4.12 billion current US$ | -46.4% |
| 2010 | 4.21 billion current US$ | +2.2% |
| 2011 | 5.94 billion current US$ | +40.8% |
| 2012 | 6.76 billion current US$ | +13.9% |
| 2013 | 6.84 billion current US$ | +1.2% |
| 2014 | 7.23 billion current US$ | +5.7% |
| 2015 | 5.74 billion current US$ | -20.6% |
| 2016 | 6.07 billion current US$ | +5.6% |
| 2017 | 7.13 billion current US$ | +17.4% |
| 2018 | 8.70 billion current US$ | +22.0% |
| 2019 | 8.40 billion current US$ | -3.4% |
| 2020 | 9.44 billion current US$ | +12.3% |
| 2021 | 11.51 billion current US$ | +22.0% |
| 2022 | 10.67 billion current US$ | -7.3% |
| 2023 | 10.42 billion current US$ | -2.4% |
| 2024 | 10.59 billion current US$ | +1.6% |
| 2025 | 11.69 billion current US$ | +10.4% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's 11.69 billion current US$ is below the median for high income countries, which is 48.39 billion current US$, 24% of the median. (67 countries reporting)
- Estonia's 11.69 billion current US$ is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 29.72 billion current US$, 39% of the median. (52 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 1.36 billion current US$ | 1.04 billion current US$ | 1.79 billion current US$ | 7 |
| 2000s | 4.59 billion current US$ | 1.62 billion current US$ | 8.98 billion current US$ | 10 |
| 2010s | 6.70 billion current US$ | 4.21 billion current US$ | 8.70 billion current US$ | 10 |
| 2020s | 10.72 billion current US$ | 9.44 billion current US$ | 11.69 billion current US$ | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More economy & growth data for Estonia
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps -24.28 million BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0005 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -17.77 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled -838.20 million BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 75.62 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit -0.0178 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita -613.4 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 17.56 % change on previous year (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per unit of GDP 0.0519 includes gold, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), per capita 1,785 includes gold, current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in Estonia?
- Gross capital formation in Estonia was 11.69 billion current US$ in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 11.69 billion current US$ in 2025.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.04 billion current US$ in 1993.
- How does Estonia rank for gross capital formation?
- Estonia ranks 89th out of 187 countries with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 103.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (current US$). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.