Gross capital formation in European Union
European Union: Gross capital formation was 3.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2025. ▲ Rising
Latest (2025)
3.44 trillion constant 2015 US$
Change on year
up 4.0%
Rank
1st
of 2 regions
All-time high
3.51 trillion constant 2015 US$
in 2022
All-time low
1.40 trillion constant 2015 US$
in 1975
Years of data
56
1970–2025
Gross capital formation in European Union, 1970–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in constant 2015 US$.
Analysis
In 2025, gross capital formation in European Union stood at 3.44 trillion constant 2015 US$.
The figure is up 4.0% on the previous year and up 22.7% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in European Union peaked at 3.51 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2022 and was at its lowest, 1.40 trillion constant 2015 US$, in 1975.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 56 years of available data.
Gross capital formation in European Union, year by year
| Year | constant 2015 US$ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1.42 trillion constant 2015 US$ | — |
| 1971 | 1.40 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -0.9% |
| 1972 | 1.45 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.6% |
| 1973 | 1.57 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +7.9% |
| 1974 | 1.57 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +0.1% |
| 1975 | 1.40 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -10.8% |
| 1976 | 1.51 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +8.1% |
| 1977 | 1.50 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -0.6% |
| 1978 | 1.51 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +0.6% |
| 1979 | 1.62 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +7.2% |
| 1980 | 1.66 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +2.1% |
| 1981 | 1.49 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -9.9% |
| 1982 | 1.48 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -1.2% |
| 1983 | 1.47 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -0.2% |
| 1984 | 1.51 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +2.7% |
| 1985 | 1.55 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +2.6% |
| 1986 | 1.63 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.2% |
| 1987 | 1.69 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.7% |
| 1988 | 1.84 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +8.8% |
| 1989 | 1.99 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +7.9% |
| 1990 | 2.10 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.5% |
| 1991 | 2.10 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -0.0% |
| 1992 | 2.06 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -1.5% |
| 1993 | 1.89 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -8.3% |
| 1994 | 2.01 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +6.0% |
| 1995 | 2.11 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.0% |
| 1996 | 2.11 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +0.2% |
| 1997 | 2.20 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.1% |
| 1998 | 2.34 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +6.7% |
| 1999 | 2.45 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.4% |
| 2000 | 2.58 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.3% |
| 2001 | 2.59 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +0.6% |
| 2002 | 2.53 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -2.6% |
| 2003 | 2.56 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +1.2% |
| 2004 | 2.64 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.4% |
| 2005 | 2.70 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +2.3% |
| 2006 | 2.91 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +7.6% |
| 2007 | 3.11 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +7.0% |
| 2008 | 3.07 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -1.3% |
| 2009 | 2.55 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -16.9% |
| 2010 | 2.67 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.5% |
| 2011 | 2.78 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.4% |
| 2012 | 2.59 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -7.1% |
| 2013 | 2.57 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -0.8% |
| 2014 | 2.67 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.0% |
| 2015 | 2.80 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.0% |
| 2016 | 2.89 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.0% |
| 2017 | 3.04 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +5.4% |
| 2018 | 3.18 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.4% |
| 2019 | 3.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.6% |
| 2020 | 3.12 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -6.3% |
| 2021 | 3.38 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +8.4% |
| 2022 | 3.51 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +3.8% |
| 2023 | 3.39 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -3.4% |
| 2024 | 3.31 trillion constant 2015 US$ | -2.4% |
| 2025 | 3.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ | +4.0% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 1.50 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 1.40 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 1.62 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.63 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 1.47 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 1.99 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10 |
| 1990s | 2.14 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 1.89 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 2.45 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10 |
| 2000s | 2.72 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 2.53 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 3.11 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.85 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 2.57 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 3.33 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 10 |
| 2020s | 3.36 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 3.12 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 3.51 trillion constant 2015 US$ | 6 |
Countries ranked near European Union
More economy & growth data for European Union
- Gross fixed capital formation 3.39 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Exports of goods and services 10.54 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Exports of goods and services 8.35 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
- Exports of goods and services 2.3% (2025)
- Exports of goods and services 49.6% (2025)
- Gross fixed capital formation 4.53 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Gross capital formation 4.67 trillion current US$ (2025)
- Gross capital formation 22.0% (2025)
- Gross capital formation 4.0% (2025)
- Gross national expenditure 15.32 trillion constant 2015 US$ (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in European Union?
- Gross capital formation in European Union was 3.44 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The highest recorded value was 3.51 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 2022.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.40 trillion constant 2015 US$ in 1975.
- How does European Union rank for gross capital formation?
- European Union ranks 1st out of 2 regions with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in European Union?
- Over the last ten years it is up 22.7%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this European Union data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 56 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.