Gross capital formation in Estonia
Estonia: Gross capital formation was 5.4% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Gross capital formation in Estonia, 1994–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in annual % growth.
Analysis
Estonia recorded 5.4% for gross capital formation in 2025.
The figure is up 352.8% on the previous year and up 200.9% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in Estonia peaked at 31.5% in 1997 and was at its lowest, -42.3%, in 2009.
Estonia ranks 77th of 168 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross capital formation in Estonia, year by year
| Year | annual % growth | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 3.5% | — |
| 1995 | 6.3% | +80.9% |
| 1996 | 21.5% | +242.5% |
| 1997 | 31.5% | +46.7% |
| 1998 | 15.6% | -50.4% |
| 1999 | -15.3% | -197.9% |
| 2000 | 22.0% | -243.9% |
| 2001 | 14.5% | -34.2% |
| 2002 | 23.8% | +64.3% |
| 2003 | 17.9% | -24.6% |
| 2004 | 7.1% | -60.3% |
| 2005 | 7.0% | -1.1% |
| 2006 | 31.4% | +346.3% |
| 2007 | 11.5% | -63.3% |
| 2008 | -19.7% | -270.4% |
| 2009 | -42.3% | +115.1% |
| 2010 | 7.1% | -116.8% |
| 2011 | 29.1% | +308.4% |
| 2012 | 18.7% | -35.9% |
| 2013 | -3.4% | -118.1% |
| 2014 | 4.3% | -225.8% |
| 2015 | -5.3% | -225.6% |
| 2016 | 5.6% | -205.1% |
| 2017 | 13.3% | +137.0% |
| 2018 | 13.6% | +2.4% |
| 2019 | -0.5% | -104.0% |
| 2020 | -3.6% | +569.1% |
| 2021 | 13.7% | -475.6% |
| 2022 | -8.1% | -159.0% |
| 2023 | -7.6% | -5.5% |
| 2024 | -2.1% | -72.0% |
| 2025 | 5.4% | -352.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990s | 10.5% | -15.3% | 31.5% | 6 |
| 2000s | 7.3% | -42.3% | 31.4% | 10 |
| 2010s | 8.2% | -5.3% | 29.1% | 10 |
| 2020s | -0.4% | -8.1% | 13.7% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More economy & growth data for Estonia
- Services, value added (constant LCU), per capita 14,387 constant LCU per person (2025)
- GDP deflator (base year varies by country), annual growth rate 3.84 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), annual growth 8.53 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.872 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), per capita 30,012 current US$ per person (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU), annual growth 3.96 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU), per unit of GDP 0.7717 current LCU per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU), per capita 26,560 current LCU per person (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$), annual 0.2576 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$), per unit 0.5072 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in Estonia?
- Gross capital formation in Estonia was 5.4% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 31.5% in 1997.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -42.3% in 2009.
- How does Estonia rank for gross capital formation?
- Estonia ranks 77th out of 168 countries with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 200.9%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (annual % growth). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars.