Government debt by instrument coverage — Debt securities and loans in Estonia
Estonia: Government debt by instrument coverage — Debt securities and loans was 25.11 Percentage of GDP in 2026. ◆ Volatile
Government debt by instrument coverage — Debt securities and loans in Estonia, 2000–2026
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans in Estonia is 25.11 Percentage of GDP, measured in 2026. That is the highest value across all 27 years on record.
The figure is up 5.4% on the previous year and up 144.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans in Estonia peaked at 25.11 Percentage of GDP in 2026 and was at its lowest, 4.14 Percentage of GDP, in 2008.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Government debt by instrument coverage — Debt securities and loans in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 5.8 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 4.8 Percentage of GDP | -17.2% |
| 2002 | 4.79 Percentage of GDP | -0.3% |
| 2003 | 5.42 Percentage of GDP | +13.2% |
| 2004 | 5.32 Percentage of GDP | -1.8% |
| 2005 | 4.91 Percentage of GDP | -7.7% |
| 2006 | 4.28 Percentage of GDP | -12.8% |
| 2007 | 4.3 Percentage of GDP | +0.3% |
| 2008 | 4.14 Percentage of GDP | -3.7% |
| 2009 | 5.29 Percentage of GDP | +27.8% |
| 2010 | 7.91 Percentage of GDP | +49.6% |
| 2011 | 7.75 Percentage of GDP | -2.0% |
| 2012 | 8 Percentage of GDP | +3.2% |
| 2013 | 11.1 Percentage of GDP | +38.8% |
| 2014 | 11.69 Percentage of GDP | +5.3% |
| 2015 | 11.06 Percentage of GDP | -5.4% |
| 2016 | 10.27 Percentage of GDP | -7.1% |
| 2017 | 9.76 Percentage of GDP | -4.9% |
| 2018 | 9.04 Percentage of GDP | -7.4% |
| 2019 | 8.15 Percentage of GDP | -9.8% |
| 2020 | 9.47 Percentage of GDP | +16.2% |
| 2021 | 18.79 Percentage of GDP | +98.4% |
| 2022 | 18.02 Percentage of GDP | -4.1% |
| 2023 | 17.71 Percentage of GDP | -1.7% |
| 2024 | 23.93 Percentage of GDP | +35.1% |
| 2025 | 23.82 Percentage of GDP | -0.5% |
| 2026 | 25.11 Percentage of GDP | +5.4% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 4.91 Percentage of GDP | 4.14 Percentage of GDP | 5.8 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 9.47 Percentage of GDP | 7.75 Percentage of GDP | 11.69 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 19.55 Percentage of GDP | 9.47 Percentage of GDP | 25.11 Percentage of GDP | 7 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
- 3 Italy 130.12 Percentage of GDP compare
- 3 Latvia 45.53 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 United States 117.01 Percentage of GDP compare
- 4 Netherlands 43.64 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 Lithuania 42.01 Percentage of GDP compare
- 5 France 116.25 Percentage of GDP compare
- 6 Belgium 108.88 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Türkiye 24.2 Percentage of GDP compare
- 7 Spain 101.29 Percentage of GDP compare
- 8 Canada 95.08 Percentage of GDP compare
- 9 United Kingdom 93.69 Percentage of GDP compare
More economy & growth data for Estonia
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- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 2.06 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 16 - Public finances 43.22 Percentage of GDP (2029)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — B. Openess 0.0123 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — A. 0.0249 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — E. Wider 0.0451 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — D. 0.0431 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness 0.1982 Index (2024)
- Index of digital trade integration and openness (INDIGO) — C. Trust 0.0727 Index (2024)
- Corporate income tax (CIT) - statutory and targeted small business 22 Percentage of taxable income (2026)
Frequently asked questions
- What is government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans in Estonia?
- Government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans in Estonia was 25.11 Percentage of GDP in 2026, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 25.11 Percentage of GDP in 2026.
- What is the lowest government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was 4.14 Percentage of GDP in 2008.
- How does Estonia rank for government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans?
- Estonia ranks 6th out of 7 countries with data for 2026.
- Is government debt by instrument coverage — debt securities and loans rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 144.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Government debt by instrument coverage — Debt securities and loans. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The magnitude of government debt and debt-to-GDP ratios varies depending on which measure of debt is used. To promote international comparability, the IMF, the OECD and the World Bank have agreed on a set of standard debt measures, which are defined in the Public Sector Debt Statistics Guide for Compilers and Users and the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014. Government gross debt is shown in four categories: D1 to D4. D1 is the narrowest measure, comprising only two financial instruments: debt securities and loans. D4 (‘total gross debt’) is the broadest measure and includes debt securities, loans, Special Drawing Rights, currency and deposits, other accounts payable and insurance, pensions and standardised guarantees. The D1 to D3 measures are comparable between OECD countries. D4 is the preferred measure of debt in the international accounting standards (System of National Accounts or SNA) but cross-country comparability is more difficult for D4 because countries have different approaches to recording unfunded pension liabilities for government employees. For more information, please see the document: Measuring Government Debt: D1-D4