Business enterprise R&D personnel in high-tech sectors by NACE Rev. 1.1 (1993-2009) by country
Countries reporting
45
Highest
625,264 Full-time equivalent (FTE)
Japan
Lowest
327 Full-time equivalent (FTE)
Cyprus
Median
13,693 Full-time equivalent (FTE)
Years covered
17
1993–2009
Data points
692
What the numbers show
Business enterprise R&D personnel in high-tech sectors by NACE Rev. 1.1 (1993-2009) is currently reported for 45 countries. The highest value is 625,264 Full-time equivalent (FTE) in Japan; the lowest is 327 Full-time equivalent (FTE) in Cyprus.
The median across all reporting countries is 13,693 Full-time equivalent (FTE), and the mean is 78,813 Full-time equivalent (FTE).
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 1,912.
Over the past decade 33 countries rose and 12 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 1,137.8%), and the largest decrease in Romania (down 66.4%).
Business enterprise R&D personnel in high-tech sectors by NACE Rev.: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | 625,264 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 2 | Russia | 477,284 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 2 | Russian Federation | 477,284 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 4 | Germany | 332,491 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 8.4% | rising |
| 5 | France | 226,051 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 31.8% | rising |
| 6 | South Korea | 208,428 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | up 167.7% | rising |
| 6 | Korea | 208,428 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2008 | up 167.7% | rising |
| 8 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 151,494 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 8 | United Kingdom | 151,494 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 0.9% | rising |
| 10 | Italy | 109,768 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 84.0% | rising |
| 11 | Spain | 93,699 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 144.5% | rising |
| 12 | Sweden | 54,285 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 13 | Netherlands | 42,336 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 6.3% | rising |
| 13 | Netherlands | 42,336 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 6.3% | rising |
| 15 | Austria | 38,303 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 87.9% | rising |
| 16 | Denmark | 35,552 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 62.9% | rising |
| 17 | Belgium | 32,969 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 6.8% | rising |
| 18 | Finland | 32,237 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 15.9% | rising |
| 19 | Türkiye | 31,476 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 460.7% | volatile |
| 20 | Czechia | 25,884 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 110.7% | rising |
| 21 | Norway | 18,166 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 22 | Portugal | 13,922 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 327.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Poland | 13,693 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 32.6% | falling |
| 23 | Poland | 13,693 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 32.6% | falling |
| 25 | Hungary | 13,189 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 123.6% | rising |
| 26 | Ireland | 11,959 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 43.7% | rising |
| 27 | Greece | 11,562 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2007 | up 251.3% | rising |
| 28 | Romania | 10,758 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 66.4% | volatile |
| 29 | Slovenia | 6,785 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 62.2% | rising |
| 29 | Slovenia | 6,785 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 62.2% | rising |
| 31 | Bulgaria | 3,335 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 36.5% | volatile |
| 32 | Luxembourg | 3,318 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 33 | Croatia | 2,854 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 33 | Croatia | 2,854 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 35 | Slovakia | 2,625 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 53.9% | falling |
| 35 | Slovakia | 2,625 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | down 53.9% | falling |
| 37 | Estonia | 1,924 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 211.3% | rising |
| 37 | Estonia | 1,924 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 211.3% | rising |
| 39 | Iceland | 1,577 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 64.1% | rising |
| 40 | Lithuania | 1,527 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 282.7% | volatile |
| 40 | Lithuania | 1,527 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 282.7% | volatile |
| 42 | Latvia | 1,028 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 122.5% | rising |
| 42 | Latvia | 1,028 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 122.5% | rising |
| 44 | Malta | 557 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 1,137.8% | volatile |
| 45 | Cyprus | 327 Full-time equivalent (FTE) | 2009 | up 144.0% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- China except Hong Kong 1.40 million Full-time equivalent (FTE)
- European Union - 27 countries (2007-2013) 1.27 million Full-time equivalent (FTE)