Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$), per unit of GDP by country
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Countries reporting
207
Highest
0.1292 current US$ per US$ of GDP
Turkmenistan
Lowest
0.0005 current US$ per US$ of GDP
Puerto Rico
Median
0.0128 current US$ per US$ of GDP
Years covered
52
1970–2021
Data points
6,553
What the numbers show
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$), per unit of GDP is currently reported for 207 countries. The highest value is 0.1292 current US$ per US$ of GDP in Turkmenistan; the lowest is 0.0005 current US$ per US$ of GDP in Puerto Rico.
The median across all reporting countries is 0.0128 current US$ per US$ of GDP, and the mean is 0.0182 current US$ per US$ of GDP.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 242.
Over the past decade 159 countries rose and 48 fell. The largest increase was in Laos (up 555.4%), and the largest decrease in Malta (down 62.8%).
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$), per unit of GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turkmenistan | 0.1292 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 93.5% | falling |
| 2 | Venezuela | 0.0802 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 431.8% | volatile |
| 3 | Iran | 0.0764 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 191.9% | rising |
| 4 | Libya | 0.0747 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 187.5% | rising |
| 5 | Laos | 0.0679 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 555.4% | volatile |
| 6 | Syria | 0.0669 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 166.0% | rising |
| 7 | Tajikistan | 0.0658 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 462.0% | falling |
| 8 | Mongolia | 0.0629 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 39.4% | falling |
| 9 | Uzbekistan | 0.0612 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 7.6% | volatile |
| 10 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.0461 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 25.6% | falling |
| 11 | Vietnam | 0.0459 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 70.3% | rising |
| 12 | South Africa | 0.0454 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 70.4% | rising |
| 13 | Kazakhstan | 0.0442 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 16.3% | falling |
| 14 | Kosovo | 0.0427 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 5.6% | rising |
| 14 | Kosovo (UNSCR 1244) | 0.0427 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 5.6% | rising |
| 16 | Lebanon | 0.0422 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 166.7% | rising |
| 17 | Algeria | 0.042 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 154.8% | rising |
| 18 | Russia | 0.0417 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 68.5% | falling |
| 19 | Oman | 0.0403 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 95.4% | rising |
| 20 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.04 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 5.3% | flat |
| 21 | Palau | 0.0383 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 19.4% | rising |
| 22 | Belarus | 0.037 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 30.8% | falling |
| 23 | Ukraine | 0.0359 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 28.2% | falling |
| 24 | Bahrain | 0.035 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 35.0% | flat |
| 25 | India | 0.034 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 26 | Iraq | 0.0337 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 85.7% | volatile |
| 27 | Suriname | 0.0334 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 153.6% | volatile |
| 28 | Serbia | 0.032 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 7.2% | falling |
| 29 | Marshall Islands | 0.0318 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 31.2% | rising |
| 30 | Azerbaijan | 0.0306 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 148.0% | volatile |
| 31 | Moldova | 0.0289 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 2.1% | volatile |
| 32 | Guyana | 0.0286 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 93.4% | falling |
| 33 | Malaysia | 0.0283 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 34 | Sudan | 0.0281 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 226.1% | volatile |
| 35 | Egypt | 0.0278 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 36 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.0277 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 6.1% | flat |
| 37 | Tunisia | 0.027 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 65.4% | rising |
| 38 | China | 0.0265 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 26.6% | falling |
| 39 | Myanmar | 0.0264 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 511.3% | falling |
| 40 | Georgia | 0.0261 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 107.3% | volatile |
| 41 | Kuwait | 0.0259 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 60.4% | rising |
| 42 | Pakistan | 0.0258 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 41.0% | rising |
| 43 | New Caledonia | 0.0255 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 141.7% | rising |
| 44 | Mozambique | 0.0241 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 252.0% | volatile |
| 45 | United States Virgin Islands | 0.024 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 19.3% | volatile |
| 46 | North Macedonia | 0.0238 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 11.9% | falling |
| 47 | American Samoa | 0.0235 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 26.5% | falling |
| 48 | Turkey | 0.0234 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 108.5% | rising |
| 49 | Saudi Arabia | 0.0233 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 14.8% | rising |
| 50 | Indonesia | 0.0231 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 45.6% | falling |
| 51 | Cambodia | 0.023 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 130.2% | rising |
| 52 | Qatar | 0.0228 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 87.7% | falling |
| 53 | Brunei | 0.0225 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 90.9% | rising |
| 54 | Jamaica | 0.0225 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 44.9% | falling |
| 55 | Congo | 0.0219 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 114.0% | falling |
| 56 | Jordan | 0.0219 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 15.6% | falling |
| 57 | Micronesia (country) | 0.0219 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 88.1% | rising |
| 58 | Thailand | 0.0218 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 59 | Morocco | 0.0216 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 42.2% | rising |
| 60 | Benin | 0.0213 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 64.4% | volatile |
| 61 | Bolivia | 0.0204 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 1.6% | falling |
| 62 | Mauritania | 0.0202 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 86.3% | rising |
| 63 | Bulgaria | 0.0202 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 21.4% | volatile |
| 64 | Nepal | 0.02 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 177.6% | rising |
| 65 | Aruba | 0.0199 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 39.0% | rising |
| 66 | Botswana | 0.0199 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 159.7% | rising |
| 67 | United Arab Emirates | 0.019 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 41.7% | rising |
| 68 | Armenia | 0.0189 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 30.2% | volatile |
| 69 | Poland | 0.0188 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 6.9% | falling |
| 70 | Senegal | 0.0186 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 46.5% | rising |
| 71 | Seychelles | 0.0185 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 60.4% | rising |
| 72 | Maldives | 0.0184 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 69.6% | rising |
| 73 | Montenegro | 0.0181 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 7.5% | falling |
| 74 | Yemen | 0.0176 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2018 | down 27.0% | rising |
| 75 | Bhutan | 0.0175 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 96.5% | rising |
| 76 | Nauru | 0.0175 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 77 | Nicaragua | 0.0175 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 19.9% | flat |
| 78 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.0174 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 24.7% | volatile |
| 79 | Liberia | 0.0164 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 55.5% | volatile |
| 80 | Zambia | 0.0162 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 318.3% | flat |
| 81 | Philippines | 0.0162 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 54.0% | rising |
| 82 | Honduras | 0.0162 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 83 | Kiribati | 0.0157 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 106.4% | rising |
| 84 | Argentina | 0.0155 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 55.5% | rising |
| 85 | Samoa | 0.0154 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 92.4% | rising |
| 86 | Ecuador | 0.0154 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 9.9% | flat |
| 87 | Namibia | 0.0147 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 84.8% | rising |
| 88 | Fiji | 0.0144 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 64.9% | rising |
| 89 | Tonga | 0.0144 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 81.4% | rising |
| 90 | South Korea | 0.0141 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 2.9% | rising |
| 91 | Mexico | 0.014 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 92 | Lesotho | 0.0138 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 109.5% | rising |
| 93 | Mauritius | 0.0138 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 48.3% | rising |
| 94 | Gambia | 0.0138 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 44.6% | rising |
| 95 | Chile | 0.0136 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 50.3% | rising |
| 96 | Angola | 0.0136 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 139.6% | volatile |
| 97 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0.0136 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 3.2% | rising |
| 98 | Madagascar | 0.0136 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 139.7% | rising |
| 99 | Czechia | 0.0135 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 3.9% | falling |
| 100 | Burkina Faso | 0.0133 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 118.7% | volatile |
| 101 | Guam | 0.0132 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 102 | Papua New Guinea | 0.0129 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 50.9% | rising |
| 103 | Dominican Republic | 0.0129 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 19.7% | flat |
| 104 | Cape Verde | 0.0128 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 54.5% | rising |
| 105 | Afghanistan | 0.0128 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 14.6% | rising |
| 106 | Mali | 0.0127 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 110.4% | volatile |
| 107 | Comoros | 0.0126 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 189.0% | volatile |
| 108 | East Timor | 0.0126 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 76.6% | rising |
| 109 | Canada | 0.0125 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 36.9% | rising |
| 110 | Sri Lanka | 0.0125 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 83.6% | rising |
| 111 | Albania | 0.0123 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 10.7% | volatile |
| 112 | Zimbabwe | 0.0121 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 49.8% | falling |
| 113 | Ghana | 0.0121 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 35.4% | rising |
| 114 | El Salvador | 0.0119 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 19.8% | rising |
| 115 | Togo | 0.0119 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 14.3% | rising |
| 116 | Brazil | 0.0119 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 148.6% | rising |
| 117 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.0118 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 118 | Dominica | 0.0117 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 16.0% | rising |
| 119 | Belize | 0.0116 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 120 | Greece | 0.0116 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 30.4% | rising |
| 121 | Colombia | 0.0116 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 87.7% | falling |
| 122 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.0113 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 9.5% | rising |
| 123 | Estonia | 0.0113 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 51.3% | falling |
| 124 | Guatemala | 0.0113 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 51.4% | rising |
| 125 | Guinea | 0.0112 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 126 | Burundi | 0.0112 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 133.9% | rising |
| 127 | Gabon | 0.0111 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 17.4% | falling |
| 128 | Peru | 0.0111 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 31.9% | rising |
| 129 | Hungary | 0.011 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 11.8% | falling |
| 130 | Grenada | 0.011 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 7.1% | rising |
| 131 | Bangladesh | 0.0109 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 13.8% | rising |
| 132 | Australia | 0.0109 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 32.1% | falling |
| 133 | Slovakia | 0.0108 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 5.9% | volatile |
| 134 | Romania | 0.0108 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 17.2% | volatile |
| 135 | Croatia | 0.0105 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 16.7% | falling |
| 136 | Saint Lucia | 0.0105 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 6.2% | rising |
| 137 | Cyprus | 0.0105 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 27.2% | falling |
| 138 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.0103 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 2.7% | rising |
| 139 | Faroe Islands | 0.0102 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 24.8% | falling |
| 140 | Kenya | 0.0102 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 22.9% | falling |
| 141 | Paraguay | 0.0101 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 119.7% | rising |
| 142 | Eswatini | 0.01 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 139.8% | rising |
| 143 | Cameroon | 0.0098 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 47.4% | rising |
| 144 | Slovenia | 0.0096 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 5.0% | falling |
| 145 | Solomon Islands | 0.0095 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 3.5% | rising |
| 146 | Bahamas | 0.009 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 18.8% | flat |
| 147 | Ethiopia | 0.009 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 148 | Vanuatu | 0.0089 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 76.4% | rising |
| 149 | United States | 0.0089 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 10.4% | falling |
| 150 | Cuba | 0.0088 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2020 | down 34.7% | falling |
| 151 | Japan | 0.0087 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 50.7% | rising |
| 152 | Nigeria | 0.0086 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 25.6% | volatile |
| 153 | Latvia | 0.0084 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 154 | Tanzania | 0.0084 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 155 | Eritrea | 0.0082 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2011 | down 54.4% | falling |
| 156 | Palestine | 0.0082 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 30.5% | rising |
| 157 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.008 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 18.6% | volatile |
| 158 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.008 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 28.7% | rising |
| 159 | Panama | 0.0078 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 160 | Lithuania | 0.0077 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 5.9% | falling |
| 161 | Portugal | 0.0074 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 22.5% | rising |
| 162 | Barbados | 0.0074 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 21.4% | rising |
| 163 | French Polynesia | 0.0073 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 53.6% | rising |
| 164 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.0072 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 44.9% | rising |
| 165 | Uganda | 0.0072 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 80.0% | rising |
| 166 | Haiti | 0.0071 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 14.7% | rising |
| 167 | Tuvalu | 0.0071 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 6.1% | falling |
| 168 | Belgium | 0.0067 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 23.0% | falling |
| 169 | Spain | 0.0066 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 170 | Niger | 0.0066 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 37.3% | rising |
| 171 | Andorra | 0.0065 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 60.4% | flat |
| 172 | Chad | 0.0064 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 226.7% | rising |
| 173 | Greenland | 0.0064 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 17.4% | volatile |
| 174 | Germany | 0.0063 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 9.0% | rising |
| 175 | Italy | 0.006 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 17.6% | rising |
| 176 | Rwanda | 0.006 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 101.9% | flat |
| 177 | Netherlands | 0.006 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 15.7% | flat |
| 178 | New Zealand | 0.0059 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 10.1% | falling |
| 179 | Sierra Leone | 0.0058 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 27.2% | falling |
| 180 | Finland | 0.0057 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 4.3% | falling |
| 181 | South Sudan | 0.0057 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2015 | up 150.3% | rising |
| 182 | Austria | 0.0057 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 20.1% | rising |
| 183 | Malawi | 0.0056 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 136.7% | rising |
| 184 | Costa Rica | 0.0056 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 8.7% | falling |
| 185 | Israel | 0.0055 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 29.1% | flat |
| 186 | Cayman Islands | 0.0054 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 187 | Bermuda | 0.0051 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 39.2% | falling |
| 188 | Central African Republic | 0.005 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 116.2% | rising |
| 189 | Singapore | 0.0048 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 190 | Luxembourg | 0.0047 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 191 | Djibouti | 0.0045 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 60.6% | falling |
| 192 | Uruguay | 0.0044 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 193 | France | 0.0043 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 22.4% | rising |
| 194 | United Kingdom | 0.0042 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 15.6% | falling |
| 195 | Hong Kong | 0.0041 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 25.0% | flat |
| 196 | Macao | 0.0039 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 178.2% | falling |
| 197 | Somalia | 0.0033 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 48.4% | volatile |
| 198 | Ireland | 0.0032 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 199 | Norway | 0.003 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 32.0% | falling |
| 200 | Denmark | 0.003 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 201 | Malta | 0.0029 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 62.8% | falling |
| 202 | Iceland | 0.0024 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 33.3% | falling |
| 203 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.0024 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 31.1% | falling |
| 204 | Sweden | 0.0023 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 0.7% | falling |
| 205 | Switzerland | 0.0019 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | up 12.2% | falling |
| 206 | Liechtenstein | 0.0007 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 21.0% | falling |
| 207 | Puerto Rico | 0.0005 current US$ per US$ of GDP | 2021 | down 25.8% | rising |
How this figure is calculated
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$) ÷ GDP (current US$)
Computed from
- Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
- GDP Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$) divided by GDP (current US$), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.