China vs Portugal: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect over time
- China
- Portugal
How they compare
Portugal currently reports 0.4189 Percentage of GDP against 0.2426 Percentage of GDP in China, a difference of 0.1763 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Portugal's figure about 1.7 times China's.
Across all 14 years both countries report, Portugal has been ahead every year.
China ranks 4th and Portugal ranks 1st of 43 countries.
Portugal has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | China | Portugal | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0522 Percentage of GDP | 0.0953 Percentage of GDP | 0.0431 Percentage of GDP | Portugal |
| 2010s | 0.069 Percentage of GDP | 0.1234 Percentage of GDP | 0.0544 Percentage of GDP | Portugal |
| 2020s | 0.1955 Percentage of GDP | 0.3477 Percentage of GDP | 0.1522 Percentage of GDP | Portugal |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect, China or Portugal?
- Portugal, at 0.4189 Percentage of GDP against 0.2426 Percentage of GDP in China as of 2023.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect between China and Portugal?
- 0.1763 Percentage of GDP, with Portugal ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for China and Portugal?
- 14 years are reported by both, from 2009 to 2022.
- How do China and Portugal rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- China ranks 4th and Portugal ranks 1st of 43 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.