Bulgaria vs Romania: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Bulgaria
- Romania
How they compare
Romania currently reports 0.0111 Percentage of GDP against 0.0041 Percentage of GDP in Bulgaria, a difference of 0.007 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Romania's figure about 2.7 times Bulgaria's.
Across all 23 years both countries report, Romania has been ahead every year.
Bulgaria ranks 35th and Romania ranks 32nd of 38 countries.
Romania has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Bulgaria | Romania | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0035 Percentage of GDP | 0.0731 Percentage of GDP | 0.0696 Percentage of GDP | Romania |
| 2010s | 0.0077 Percentage of GDP | 0.0276 Percentage of GDP | 0.0199 Percentage of GDP | Romania |
| 2020s | 0.0047 Percentage of GDP | 0.0168 Percentage of GDP | 0.0121 Percentage of GDP | Romania |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Bulgaria or Romania?
- Romania, at 0.0111 Percentage of GDP against 0.0041 Percentage of GDP in Bulgaria as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Bulgaria and Romania?
- 0.007 Percentage of GDP, with Romania ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Bulgaria and Romania?
- 23 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2022.
- How do Bulgaria and Romania rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Bulgaria ranks 35th and Romania ranks 32nd of 38 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government-financed BERD. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.