Estonia vs United States: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Estonia
- United States
How they compare
United States currently reports 0.8808 Percentage of GDP against 0.7981 Percentage of GDP in Estonia, a difference of 0.0827 Percentage of GDP.
That makes United States's figure about 1.1 times Estonia's.
The two have swapped places 2 times across 23 shared years of data; in 2000 it was United States ahead.
Estonia ranks 6th and United States ranks 5th of 12 countries.
United States has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Estonia | United States | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.4442 Percentage of GDP | 0.8766 Percentage of GDP | 0.4324 Percentage of GDP | United States |
| 2010s | 0.6973 Percentage of GDP | 0.7679 Percentage of GDP | 0.0706 Percentage of GDP | United States |
| 2020s | 0.6916 Percentage of GDP | 0.8736 Percentage of GDP | 0.182 Percentage of GDP | United States |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Estonia or United States?
- United States, at 0.8808 Percentage of GDP against 0.7981 Percentage of GDP in Estonia as of 2022.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Estonia and United States?
- 0.0827 Percentage of GDP, with United States ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Estonia and United States?
- 23 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2022.
- How do Estonia and United States rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Estonia ranks 6th and United States ranks 5th of 12 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.