Germany vs Malaysia: Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures
Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures over time
- Germany
- Malaysia
How they compare
Germany currently reports 0.21 Index against 0.2 Index in Malaysia, a difference of 0.01 Index.
The two have swapped places 1 time across 26 shared years of data; in 2000 it was Malaysia ahead.
Germany ranks 9th and Malaysia ranks 11th of 44 countries.
Across the 3 decades both report, Germany averaged higher in 1 and Malaysia in 2.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Germany | Malaysia | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | -0.029 Index | 0.234 Index | 0.263 Index | Malaysia |
| 2010s | -0.02 Index | 0.206 Index | 0.226 Index | Malaysia |
| 2020s | 0.2033 Index | 0.2 Index | 0.0033 Index | Germany |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher implied tax subsidy rates on r&d expenditures, Germany or Malaysia?
- Germany, at 0.21 Index against 0.2 Index in Malaysia as of 2025.
- What is the difference in implied tax subsidy rates on r&d expenditures between Germany and Malaysia?
- 0.01 Index, with Germany ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Germany and Malaysia?
- 26 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2025.
- How do Germany and Malaysia rank globally for implied tax subsidy rates on r&d expenditures?
- Germany ranks 9th and Malaysia ranks 11th of 44 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database presents OECD time-series indicators of implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures by firm size and profitability scenario for OECD member countries and other major economies, drawing on data collected in the OECD R&D tax incentives surveys since 2007. Implied R&D tax subsidy rates are defined as 1 minus the B-Index, a measure of the before-tax income needed by a “representative” firm to break even on one additional monetary unit of R&D outlay (Warda, 2001; OECD, 2023). The more generous the tax provisions for R&D, the lower the before-tax breakeven economic return required by firms and the higher the implied marginal R&D tax subsidy. The OECD time-series estimates of implied R&D tax subsidy rates is based on headline tax credit and allowance rates. Due to limited historical data availability, the estimates are not adjusted for provisions that bound the tax benefits received by firms (e.g. ceilings, thresholds). They therefore provide an upper bound for the marginal tax subsidy implied by R&D tax relief measures at central government level across countries over time. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.