Estonia vs Korea: Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures
Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures over time
- Estonia
- Korea
How they compare
Korea currently reports 0.05 Index against 0.04 Index in Estonia, a difference of 0.01 Index.
That makes Korea's figure about 1.2 times Estonia's.
Across all 26 years both countries report, Korea has been ahead every year.
Estonia ranks 11th and Korea ranks 8th of 12 countries.
Korea has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Estonia | Korea | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0 Index | 0.084 Index | 0.084 Index | Korea |
| 2010s | 0 Index | 0.053 Index | 0.053 Index | Korea |
| 2020s | 0.0133 Index | 0.0467 Index | 0.0333 Index | Korea |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher implied tax subsidy rates on r&d expenditures, Estonia or Korea?
- Korea, at 0.05 Index against 0.04 Index in Estonia as of 2025.
- What is the difference in implied tax subsidy rates on r&d expenditures between Estonia and Korea?
- 0.01 Index, with Korea ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Estonia and Korea?
- 26 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2025.
- How do Estonia and Korea rank globally for implied tax subsidy rates on r&d expenditures?
- Estonia ranks 11th and Korea ranks 8th of 12 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database presents OECD time-series indicators of implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures by firm size and profitability scenario for OECD member countries and other major economies, drawing on data collected in the OECD R&D tax incentives surveys since 2007. Implied R&D tax subsidy rates are defined as 1 minus the B-Index, a measure of the before-tax income needed by a “representative” firm to break even on one additional monetary unit of R&D outlay (Warda, 2001; OECD, 2023). The more generous the tax provisions for R&D, the lower the before-tax breakeven economic return required by firms and the higher the implied marginal R&D tax subsidy. The OECD time-series estimates of implied R&D tax subsidy rates is based on headline tax credit and allowance rates. Due to limited historical data availability, the estimates are not adjusted for provisions that bound the tax benefits received by firms (e.g. ceilings, thresholds). They therefore provide an upper bound for the marginal tax subsidy implied by R&D tax relief measures at central government level across countries over time. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.