{"entity":{"iso2":"ZG","iso3":"SSF","name":"Sub-Saharan Africa","slug":"sub-saharan-africa"},"indicator":{"licence":"UN SDG Global Database (open, attribution requested)","slug":"research-and-development-expenditure-as-a-proportion-of-gdp-percent","source":"United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database","source_url":"https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/database?series=GB_XPD_RSDV","title":"Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (%)","unit":"%"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.32081},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.32975},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.32787},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.32936},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.33682},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.34441},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.35183},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.34774},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.35761},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.34916},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.3441},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.35364},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.35862},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.36854},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.37605},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.38723},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.4007},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.41017},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.38957},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.3745},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.37604},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.37889},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.3788},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.37871}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.37871,"max":0.41017,"mean":0.361288,"min":0.32081,"of":22,"rank":18,"trend":"rising"}}