{"entity":{"iso2":"PK","iso3":"PAK","name":"Pakistan","slug":"pakistan"},"indicator":{"licence":"UN SDG Global Database (open, attribution requested)","slug":"research-and-development-expenditure-as-a-proportion-of-gdp-percent","source":"United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database","source_url":"https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/database?series=GB_XPD_RSDV","title":"Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (%)","unit":"%"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.09536},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.12408},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.16228},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.32946},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.52343},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.40218},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.30491},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.26179},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.22193},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.21214},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.17475},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.16431},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.16399}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.16399,"max":0.52343,"mean":0.241585,"min":0.09536,"of":121,"rank":99,"trend":"falling"}}