{"entity":{"iso2":null,"iso3":null,"name":"Northern Africa","slug":"northern-africa"},"indicator":{"licence":"UN SDG Global Database (open, attribution requested)","slug":"research-and-development-expenditure-as-a-proportion-of-gdp-percent","source":"United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database","source_url":"https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/database?series=GB_XPD_RSDV","title":"Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (%)","unit":null},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.2907},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.30013},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.32864},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.30677},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.30649},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.29928},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.31124},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.3196},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.33401},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.41578},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.42322},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.47153},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.47481},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.54163},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.54091},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.59018},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.58773},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.57468},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.59648},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.65669},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.7412},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.72828},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.79133},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.80411}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.80411,"max":0.80411,"mean":0.488976,"min":0.2907,"of":22,"rank":13,"trend":"rising"}}