{"entity":{"iso2":"ES","iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","slug":"spain"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-sum-of-tax-incentive","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.1583},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.1698},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.1834},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.2026},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.2131},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.2142},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.2209},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.2249}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":0.2249,"max":0.2249,"mean":0.1984,"min":0.1583,"of":37,"rank":11,"trend":"rising"}}