{"entity":{"iso2":"FR","iso3":"FRA","name":"France","slug":"france"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-sum-of-tax-incentive","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.1658},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.148},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.1736},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.1747},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.2082},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.1901},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.2345},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.2237},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.3759},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.3811},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.3979},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.3709},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.3919},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.3942},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.3905},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.4093},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.3955},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.4026},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.3959},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.3994},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.4211},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.4198},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.4102},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.4168}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.4168,"max":0.4211,"mean":0.328817,"min":0.148,"of":37,"rank":4,"trend":"rising"}}