{"entity":{"iso2":"ES","iso3":"ESP","name":"Spain","slug":"spain"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-indirect-government-support","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD)","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.1006},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.107},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.1164},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.1283},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.1446},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.1389},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.1382},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.1427}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":0.1427,"max":0.1446,"mean":0.127088,"min":0.1006,"of":43,"rank":12,"trend":"rising"}}