R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in Germany
Germany: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect was 0.0178 Percentage of GDP in 2024. ◆ Volatile
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in Germany, 2000–2024
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Percentage of GDP.
Analysis
Germany recorded 0.0178 Percentage of GDP for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in 2024. That is the highest value across all 25 years on record.
The figure is up 60.4% on the previous year.
Over the whole period, r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in Germany peaked at 0.0178 Percentage of GDP in 2024 and was at its lowest, 0 Percentage of GDP, in 2000.
Germany ranks 24th of 43 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect in Germany, year by year
| Year | Percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2001 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2002 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2003 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2004 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2005 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2006 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2007 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2008 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2009 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2010 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2011 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2012 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2013 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2014 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2015 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2016 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2017 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2018 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2019 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2020 | 0 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2021 | 0.0005 Percentage of GDP | — |
| 2022 | 0.0039 Percentage of GDP | +680.0% |
| 2023 | 0.0111 Percentage of GDP | +184.6% |
| 2024 | 0.0178 Percentage of GDP | +60.4% |
Germany compared with similar countries
- Germany's 0.0178 Percentage of GDP is below the median for high income countries, which is 0.0457 Percentage of GDP, 39% of the median. (31 countries reporting)
- Germany's 0.0178 Percentage of GDP is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 0.0485 Percentage of GDP, 37% of the median. (22 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0 Percentage of GDP | 0 Percentage of GDP | 0 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2010s | 0 Percentage of GDP | 0 Percentage of GDP | 0 Percentage of GDP | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.0067 Percentage of GDP | 0 Percentage of GDP | 0.0178 Percentage of GDP | 5 |
Countries ranked near Germany
More economy & growth data for Germany
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 04 - Annual real GDP 0.7761 Percent per annum (2029)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 02 - Annual real GDP 0.6565 Percent per annum (2029)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), gaps 108.13 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0214 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,295 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), gaps filled 95.19 billion BoP, current US$ (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), annual 51.97 % change on previous year (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0188 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), per capita 1,140 BoP, current US$ per person (2025)
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$), annual growth rate 51.4 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in Germany?
- R&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect in Germany was 0.0178 Percentage of GDP in 2024, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in Germany?
- The highest recorded value was 0.0178 Percentage of GDP in 2024.
- What is the lowest r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect recorded in Germany?
- The lowest recorded value was 0 Percentage of GDP in 2000.
- How does Germany rank for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- Germany ranks 24th out of 43 countries with data for 2024.
- Where does this Germany data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.