{"entity":{"iso2":"FR","iso3":"FRA","name":"France","slug":"france"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-indirect-government-support","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD)","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.0356},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.0336},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.0307},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.0264},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.0562},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.0611},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.0884},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.0989},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.2297},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.2589},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.2778},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.2655},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.2781},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.2771},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.2775},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.2816},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.2841},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.2872},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.2883},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.2882},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.2935},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.2833},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.2749},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.2689}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.2689,"max":0.2935,"mean":0.201896,"min":0.0264,"of":43,"rank":3,"trend":"volatile"}}