{"entity":{"iso2":"ZA","iso3":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","slug":"south-africa"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-government-financed-berd","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Government-financed BERD","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.0331},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.0274},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.0242},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.0315},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.0725},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.0858},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.0992},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.0983},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.0512},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.0272},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.015},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.0192},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.0177},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.0167},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.0118},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.0095},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.0073},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.004},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.0115},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.0107},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.0125},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.0093},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.0077}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.0077,"max":0.0992,"mean":0.0305783,"min":0.004,"of":38,"rank":33,"trend":"volatile"}}