{"entity":{"iso2":"IT","iso3":"ITA","name":"Italy","slug":"italy"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-government-financed-berd","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Government-financed BERD","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.0551},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.0756},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":0.0633},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":0.0704},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":0.069},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.0575},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.0425},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.0385},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.0364},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.0418},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.0385},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.0451},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.048},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.0454},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.0433},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.0426},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.0288},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.0298},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.0441},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.039},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.0436},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.0372},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.0338},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.0368},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.0362}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2024-01-01","latest_value":0.0362,"max":0.0756,"mean":0.045692,"min":0.0288,"of":38,"rank":24,"trend":"falling"}}