{"entity":{"iso2":"IT","iso3":"ITA","name":"Italy","slug":"italy"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"r-and-d-tax-expenditure-and-direct-government-funding-of-berd-government-budgets-for-r","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX","title":"R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD \u2014 Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD)","unit":"Percentage of GDP"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":0.6162},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":0.6487},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":0.6408},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":0.5843},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":0.6319},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":0.6374},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":0.6442},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":0.5944},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":0.5562},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":0.5517},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":0.5246},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":0.5195},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.5542},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.6014},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.6858},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.7099},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.7177},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.7172},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.7008},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.7025},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.6794}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2023-01-01","latest_value":0.6794,"max":0.7177,"mean":0.629467,"min":0.5195,"of":33,"rank":15,"trend":"rising"}}