{"entity":{"iso2":"IT","iso3":"ITA","name":"Italy","slug":"italy"},"indicator":{"licence":"OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required)","slug":"implied-tax-subsidy-rates-on-r-and-d-expenditures","source":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","source_url":"https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDSUB","title":"Implied tax subsidy rates on R&D expenditures","unit":"Index"},"observations":[{"date":"2000-01-01","value":-0.03},{"date":"2001-01-01","value":-0.03},{"date":"2002-01-01","value":-0.03},{"date":"2003-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2004-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2005-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2006-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2007-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2008-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2009-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2010-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2011-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2012-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2013-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2014-01-01","value":-0.02},{"date":"2015-01-01","value":0.04},{"date":"2016-01-01","value":0.04},{"date":"2017-01-01","value":0.09},{"date":"2018-01-01","value":0.09},{"date":"2019-01-01","value":0.07},{"date":"2020-01-01","value":0.11},{"date":"2021-01-01","value":0.2},{"date":"2022-01-01","value":0.2},{"date":"2023-01-01","value":0.09},{"date":"2024-01-01","value":0.09},{"date":"2025-01-01","value":0.09}],"summary":{"latest_period":"2025-01-01","latest_value":0.09,"max":0.2,"mean":0.03,"min":-0.03,"of":44,"rank":23,"trend":"volatile"}}