Gross fixed capital formation in European Union
European Union: Gross fixed capital formation was 2.7% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Gross fixed capital formation in European Union, 1971–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs). Measured in annual % growth.
Analysis
European Union recorded 2.7% for gross fixed capital formation in 2025.
That represents a change of up 226.5% on the previous year and down 45.6% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross fixed capital formation in European Union peaked at 7.6% in 1988 and was at its lowest, -11.3%, in 2009.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross fixed capital formation in European Union, year by year
| Year | annual % growth | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 4.3% | — |
| 1972 | 5.1% | +18.0% |
| 1973 | 4.9% | -5.2% |
| 1974 | -2.4% | -149.7% |
| 1975 | -4.1% | +70.2% |
| 1976 | 2.2% | -154.8% |
| 1977 | 2.5% | +12.9% |
| 1978 | 2.1% | -16.9% |
| 1979 | 3.7% | +75.2% |
| 1980 | 2.9% | -21.7% |
| 1981 | -3.5% | -219.4% |
| 1982 | -2.4% | -30.1% |
| 1983 | -0.1% | -94.2% |
| 1984 | 0.4% | -417.7% |
| 1985 | 2.7% | +513.5% |
| 1986 | 4.2% | +53.7% |
| 1987 | 4.4% | +6.3% |
| 1988 | 7.6% | +71.0% |
| 1989 | 7.1% | -6.7% |
| 1990 | 5.1% | -27.8% |
| 1991 | 0.5% | -90.5% |
| 1992 | -0.3% | -151.9% |
| 1993 | -6.2% | +2359.1% |
| 1994 | 2.7% | -144.5% |
| 1995 | 3.6% | +30.5% |
| 1996 | 2.7% | -24.3% |
| 1997 | 3.1% | +15.7% |
| 1998 | 6.1% | +93.8% |
| 1999 | 5.6% | -7.0% |
| 2000 | 4.9% | -13.5% |
| 2001 | 1.0% | -80.4% |
| 2002 | -1.2% | -224.8% |
| 2003 | 1.3% | -205.5% |
| 2004 | 2.9% | +132.6% |
| 2005 | 3.1% | +6.6% |
| 2006 | 6.3% | +100.4% |
| 2007 | 6.1% | -2.7% |
| 2008 | -0.4% | -105.8% |
| 2009 | -11.3% | +3134.5% |
| 2010 | -0.3% | -97.1% |
| 2011 | 2.3% | -800.0% |
| 2012 | -2.8% | -220.9% |
| 2013 | -1.9% | -29.5% |
| 2014 | 2.3% | -216.7% |
| 2015 | 5.0% | +121.4% |
| 2016 | 3.0% | -39.5% |
| 2017 | 4.0% | +32.1% |
| 2018 | 3.7% | -8.8% |
| 2019 | 6.7% | +83.3% |
| 2020 | -5.0% | -174.5% |
| 2021 | 4.3% | -185.2% |
| 2022 | 2.2% | -49.4% |
| 2023 | 2.7% | +26.9% |
| 2024 | -2.2% | -178.9% |
| 2025 | 2.7% | -226.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 2.0% | -4.1% | 5.1% | 9 |
| 1980s | 2.3% | -3.5% | 7.6% | 10 |
| 1990s | 2.3% | -6.2% | 6.1% | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.3% | -11.3% | 6.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.2% | -2.8% | 6.7% | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.8% | -5.0% | 4.3% | 6 |
Countries ranked near European Union
More economy & growth data for European Union
- Services, value added (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.6589 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (current US$), annual 8.35 % change on previous year (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (current US$), per 0.222 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (current US$), per 10,454 current US$ per person (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) 2.21 % change on previous year (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) 0.1602 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) 7,541 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Services, value added (current US$), annual growth rate 8.74 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$), annual 1.48 % change on previous year (2025)
- Services, value added (current US$), per capita 31,026 current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross fixed capital formation in European Union?
- Gross fixed capital formation in European Union was 2.7% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs).
- What is the highest gross fixed capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The highest recorded value was 7.6% in 1988.
- What is the lowest gross fixed capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The lowest recorded value was -11.3% in 2009.
- How does European Union rank for gross fixed capital formation?
- European Union ranks 2nd out of 2 groups with data for 2025.
- Is gross fixed capital formation rising or falling in European Union?
- Over the last ten years it is down 45.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this European Union data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), published as part of Gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars.