Gross capital formation in Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia: Gross capital formation was 22.9% in 2025. ▼ Falling
Gross capital formation in Europe & Central Asia, 1970–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in % of GDP.
Analysis
The most recent figure for gross capital formation in Europe & Central Asia is 22.9%, measured in 2025.
That represents a change of up 2.1% on the previous year and up 8.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in Europe & Central Asia peaked at 29.8% in 1970 and was at its lowest, 20.3%, in 2009.
Europe & Central Asia ranks 28th of 43 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 56 years of available data.
Gross capital formation in Europe & Central Asia, year by year
| Year | % of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 29.8% | — |
| 1971 | 28.8% | -3.2% |
| 1972 | 28.3% | -1.9% |
| 1973 | 29.3% | +3.8% |
| 1974 | 29.5% | +0.7% |
| 1975 | 26.1% | -11.7% |
| 1976 | 27.1% | +4.0% |
| 1977 | 26.3% | -3.1% |
| 1978 | 25.4% | -3.4% |
| 1979 | 26.2% | +3.1% |
| 1980 | 26.5% | +1.1% |
| 1981 | 24.1% | -9.1% |
| 1982 | 23.7% | -1.6% |
| 1983 | 23.1% | -2.2% |
| 1984 | 23.4% | +1.2% |
| 1985 | 23.3% | -0.5% |
| 1986 | 23.4% | +0.3% |
| 1987 | 23.7% | +1.4% |
| 1988 | 24.9% | +5.3% |
| 1989 | 26.0% | +4.4% |
| 1990 | 25.5% | -1.9% |
| 1991 | 24.9% | -2.6% |
| 1992 | 23.8% | -4.4% |
| 1993 | 21.9% | -8.0% |
| 1994 | 22.2% | +1.2% |
| 1995 | 22.4% | +1.0% |
| 1996 | 21.9% | -2.3% |
| 1997 | 21.7% | -0.9% |
| 1998 | 22.1% | +2.2% |
| 1999 | 22.1% | -0.3% |
| 2000 | 22.6% | +2.6% |
| 2001 | 22.2% | -1.8% |
| 2002 | 21.4% | -3.8% |
| 2003 | 21.3% | -0.3% |
| 2004 | 21.6% | +1.1% |
| 2005 | 21.9% | +1.7% |
| 2006 | 23.0% | +4.8% |
| 2007 | 23.9% | +3.9% |
| 2008 | 23.7% | -0.9% |
| 2009 | 20.3% | -14.2% |
| 2010 | 21.1% | +4.1% |
| 2011 | 21.9% | +3.8% |
| 2012 | 20.9% | -4.5% |
| 2013 | 20.7% | -1.2% |
| 2014 | 20.9% | +1.2% |
| 2015 | 21.2% | +1.1% |
| 2016 | 21.4% | +1.0% |
| 2017 | 22.0% | +3.0% |
| 2018 | 22.2% | +0.8% |
| 2019 | 22.6% | +2.0% |
| 2020 | 22.6% | +0.1% |
| 2021 | 23.1% | +2.2% |
| 2022 | 23.9% | +3.2% |
| 2023 | 23.2% | -2.8% |
| 2024 | 22.5% | -3.2% |
| 2025 | 22.9% | +2.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 27.7% | 25.4% | 29.8% | 10 |
| 1980s | 24.2% | 23.1% | 26.5% | 10 |
| 1990s | 22.8% | 21.7% | 25.5% | 10 |
| 2000s | 22.2% | 20.3% | 23.9% | 10 |
| 2010s | 21.5% | 20.7% | 22.6% | 10 |
| 2020s | 23.0% | 22.5% | 23.9% | 6 |
Countries ranked near Europe & Central Asia
More economy & growth data for Europe & Central Asia
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$), per 0.2059 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015) 2.22 % change on previous year (2025)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) 18,580 current US$ per person (2025)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) 0.5369 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) 10.17 % change on previous year (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) 5,268 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) 0.1522 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) 1.58 % change on previous year (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$), per 7,127 current US$ per person (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), per unit 0.0105 BoP, current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in Europe & Central Asia?
- Gross capital formation in Europe & Central Asia was 22.9% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in Europe & Central Asia?
- The highest recorded value was 29.8% in 1970.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in Europe & Central Asia?
- The lowest recorded value was 20.3% in 2009.
- How does Europe & Central Asia rank for gross capital formation?
- Europe & Central Asia ranks 28th out of 43 groups with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in Europe & Central Asia?
- Over the last ten years it is up 8.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Europe & Central Asia data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
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About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.