Gross capital formation in European Union
European Union: Gross capital formation was 4.0% in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Gross capital formation in European Union, 1971–2025
Source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks. Measured in annual % growth.
Analysis
European Union recorded 4.0% for gross capital formation in 2025.
The figure is up 268.8% on the previous year and down 20.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, gross capital formation in European Union peaked at 8.8% in 1988 and was at its lowest, -16.9%, in 2009.
European Union ranks 14th of 40 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Gross capital formation in European Union, year by year
| Year | annual % growth | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | -0.9% | — |
| 1972 | 3.6% | -510.8% |
| 1973 | 7.9% | +118.2% |
| 1974 | 0.1% | -98.6% |
| 1975 | -10.8% | -10199.2% |
| 1976 | 8.1% | -174.9% |
| 1977 | -0.6% | -107.9% |
| 1978 | 0.6% | -197.8% |
| 1979 | 7.2% | +1048.7% |
| 1980 | 2.1% | -70.2% |
| 1981 | -9.9% | -561.4% |
| 1982 | -1.2% | -87.9% |
| 1983 | -0.2% | -81.8% |
| 1984 | 2.7% | -1335.1% |
| 1985 | 2.6% | -4.3% |
| 1986 | 5.2% | +104.0% |
| 1987 | 3.7% | -29.1% |
| 1988 | 8.8% | +137.1% |
| 1989 | 7.9% | -9.9% |
| 1990 | 5.5% | -30.0% |
| 1991 | -0.0% | -100.2% |
| 1992 | -1.5% | +16467.4% |
| 1993 | -8.3% | +438.9% |
| 1994 | 6.0% | -171.6% |
| 1995 | 5.0% | -15.6% |
| 1996 | 0.2% | -96.0% |
| 1997 | 4.1% | +1903.3% |
| 1998 | 6.7% | +64.7% |
| 1999 | 4.4% | -34.6% |
| 2000 | 5.3% | +20.7% |
| 2001 | 0.6% | -88.6% |
| 2002 | -2.6% | -533.4% |
| 2003 | 1.2% | -144.9% |
| 2004 | 3.4% | +185.0% |
| 2005 | 2.3% | -31.8% |
| 2006 | 7.6% | +231.9% |
| 2007 | 7.0% | -8.4% |
| 2008 | -1.3% | -118.7% |
| 2009 | -16.9% | +1197.5% |
| 2010 | 4.5% | -126.7% |
| 2011 | 4.4% | -1.8% |
| 2012 | -7.1% | -259.5% |
| 2013 | -0.8% | -88.7% |
| 2014 | 4.0% | -603.4% |
| 2015 | 5.0% | +25.3% |
| 2016 | 3.0% | -40.8% |
| 2017 | 5.4% | +82.6% |
| 2018 | 4.4% | -19.4% |
| 2019 | 4.6% | +6.0% |
| 2020 | -6.3% | -236.1% |
| 2021 | 8.4% | -233.0% |
| 2022 | 3.8% | -54.4% |
| 2023 | -3.4% | -187.8% |
| 2024 | -2.4% | -29.6% |
| 2025 | 4.0% | -268.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 1.7% | -10.8% | 8.1% | 9 |
| 1980s | 2.2% | -9.9% | 8.8% | 10 |
| 1990s | 2.2% | -8.3% | 6.7% | 10 |
| 2000s | 0.6% | -16.9% | 7.6% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.8% | -7.1% | 5.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 0.7% | -6.3% | 8.4% | 6 |
Countries ranked near European Union
- 11 Sao Tome and Principe 21.9% compare
- 12 Republic of Moldova 20.7% compare
- 13 Maldives 20.4% compare
- 14 Bahamas 19.8% compare
- 15 Lithuania 19.3% compare
- 16 Sierra Leone 18.7% compare
- 17 Malawi 18.6% compare
More economy & growth data for European Union
- Manufacturing, value added (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.1427 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$) 2.21 % change on previous year (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (current US$), per 10,454 current US$ per person (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$), annual 1.48 % change on previous year (2025)
- Industry (including construction), value added (current US$), annual 8.35 % change on previous year (2025)
- Manufacturing, value added (constant 2015 US$), per capita 5,398 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- Manufacturing, value added (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.1146 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Manufacturing, value added (current US$), per capita 6,720 current US$ per person (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.3645 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$), per capita 17,166 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is gross capital formation in European Union?
- Gross capital formation in European Union was 4.0% in 2025, according to Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks.
- What is the highest gross capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The highest recorded value was 8.8% in 1988.
- What is the lowest gross capital formation recorded in European Union?
- The lowest recorded value was -16.9% in 2009.
- How does European Union rank for gross capital formation?
- European Union ranks 14th out of 40 groups with data for 2025.
- Is gross capital formation rising or falling in European Union?
- Over the last ten years it is down 20.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this European Union data come from?
- The figures come from Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks, published as part of Gross capital formation (annual % growth). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Gross capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for purposes of fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars.