Central government debt, total in India

India: Central government debt, total was 46.5% in 2018. ▬ Flat

Latest (2018)
46.5%
Change on year
down 2.2%
World rank
51st
of 83 countries
All-time high
62.6%
in 2004
All-time low
45.7%
in 1996
Years of data
29
1990–2018

Central government debt, total in India, 1990–2018

02040601990200420181990: 50.8 % of GDP1991: 50 % of GDP1992: 49.7 % of GDP1993: 51.8 % of GDP1994: 49.6 % of GDP1995: 47.5 % of GDP1996: 45.7 % of GDP1997: 50.4 % of GDP1998: 50.3 % of GDP1999: 51.4 % of GDP2000: 55 % of GDP2001: 59 % of GDP2002: 62.6 % of GDP2003: 62.2 % of GDP2004: 62.6 % of GDP2005: 62.2 % of GDP2006: 59.7 % of GDP2007: 57.5 % of GDP2008: 57.3 % of GDP2009: 55.3 % of GDP2010: 51.6 % of GDP2011: 51.6 % of GDP2012: 50.7 % of GDP2013: 50.3 % of GDP2014: 49.9 % of GDP2015: 50 % of GDP2016: 47.6 % of GDP2017: 47.6 % of GDP2018: 46.5 % of GDP

Source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Measured in % of GDP.

Analysis

India recorded 46.5% for central government debt, total in 2018.

That represents a change of down 2.2% on the previous year and down 18.8% over ten years.

Over the whole period, central government debt, total in India peaked at 62.6% in 2004 and was at its lowest, 45.7%, in 1996.

That places India 51st out of 83 countries with data for 2018, putting it in the middle of the range.

Central government debt, total in India, year by year

Annual values for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) in India, 1990 to 2018.
Year % of GDP Change
1990 50.8%
1991 50.0% -1.5%
1992 49.7% -0.7%
1993 51.8% +4.2%
1994 49.6% -4.2%
1995 47.5% -4.2%
1996 45.7% -3.7%
1997 50.4% +10.2%
1998 50.3% -0.1%
1999 51.4% +2.1%
2000 55.0% +7.1%
2001 59.0% +7.3%
2002 62.6% +6.0%
2003 62.2% -0.6%
2004 62.6% +0.6%
2005 62.2% -0.6%
2006 59.7% -4.1%
2007 57.5% -3.6%
2008 57.3% -0.4%
2009 55.3% -3.6%
2010 51.6% -6.6%
2011 51.6% -0.1%
2012 50.7% -1.7%
2013 50.3% -0.7%
2014 49.9% -0.8%
2015 50.0% +0.1%
2016 47.6% -4.7%
2017 47.6% -0.1%
2018 46.5% -2.2%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
1990s 49.7% 45.7% 51.8% 10
2000s 59.3% 55.0% 62.6% 10
2010s 49.5% 46.5% 51.6% 9

Countries ranked near India

  1. 48 Albania 50.0% compare
  2. 49 Armenia 47.9%
  3. 50 Republic of Korea 47.8% compare
  4. 52 Saint Lucia 45.9% compare
  5. 53 Philippines 43.4% compare
  6. 54 Mongolia 43.3% compare

See the full ranking of 90 places →

More economy & growth data for India

All data for India →

Frequently asked questions

What is central government debt, total in India?
Central government debt, total in India was 46.5% in 2018, according to Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF).
What is the highest central government debt, total recorded in India?
The highest recorded value was 62.6% in 2004.
What is the lowest central government debt, total recorded in India?
The lowest recorded value was 45.7% in 1996.
How does India rank for central government debt, total?
India ranks 51st out of 83 countries with data for 2018.
Is central government debt, total rising or falling in India?
Over the last ten years it is down 18.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is flat.
Where does this India data come from?
The figures come from Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF), published as part of Central government debt, total (% of GDP). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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Central government debt, total in India. Statizoid, drawing on Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Retrieved 06 September 2026, from https://economy.statizoid.com/stat/central-government-debt-total-percent-of-gdp/india/

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About this data

Indicator
Central government debt, total (% of GDP)
Unit
% of GDP
Source
Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
90 places, 1,726 data points, 1970–2024
Last refreshed

Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. Central government is the part of general government that includes all administrative departments of the national executive, legislative, and judicial functions, other central agencies and those non-market producers controlled by the central government, whose competence extends normally over the whole economic territory. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.