Adjusted savings: education expenditure in Pre-demographic dividend
Pre-demographic dividend: Adjusted savings: education expenditure was 2.6% in 2021. ▼ Falling
Adjusted savings: education expenditure in Pre-demographic dividend, 1970–2021
Source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB). Measured in % of GNI.
Analysis
In 2021, adjusted savings: education expenditure in Pre-demographic dividend stood at 2.6%.
That represents a change of up 3.1% on the previous year and down 3.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, adjusted savings: education expenditure in Pre-demographic dividend peaked at 4.0% in 1990 and was at its lowest, 2.5%, in 2008.
Pre-demographic dividend ranks 39th of 47 groups on this measure, in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 52 years of available data.
Adjusted savings: education expenditure in Pre-demographic dividend, year by year
| Year | % of GNI | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2.9% | — |
| 1971 | 3.0% | +3.8% |
| 1972 | 3.2% | +4.7% |
| 1973 | 3.1% | -1.7% |
| 1974 | 3.2% | +0.6% |
| 1975 | 3.2% | +2.0% |
| 1976 | 3.3% | +2.6% |
| 1977 | 2.9% | -13.0% |
| 1978 | 3.1% | +7.5% |
| 1979 | 3.3% | +5.5% |
| 1980 | 3.0% | -9.4% |
| 1981 | 3.2% | +7.8% |
| 1982 | 3.7% | +17.5% |
| 1983 | 3.5% | -6.6% |
| 1984 | 3.3% | -4.9% |
| 1985 | 3.2% | -3.3% |
| 1986 | 3.5% | +7.9% |
| 1987 | 3.7% | +6.8% |
| 1988 | 3.5% | -6.1% |
| 1989 | 3.7% | +6.5% |
| 1990 | 4.0% | +7.8% |
| 1991 | 3.2% | -19.2% |
| 1992 | 3.5% | +7.4% |
| 1993 | 3.3% | -5.4% |
| 1994 | 3.1% | -6.7% |
| 1995 | 3.1% | +2.9% |
| 1996 | 3.1% | -2.7% |
| 1997 | 3.1% | +2.6% |
| 1998 | 3.0% | -5.2% |
| 1999 | 3.1% | +4.7% |
| 2000 | 3.1% | -1.8% |
| 2001 | 3.1% | +1.8% |
| 2002 | 3.2% | +1.8% |
| 2003 | 3.2% | +0.3% |
| 2004 | 3.3% | +2.7% |
| 2005 | 3.2% | -1.2% |
| 2006 | 3.2% | +0.1% |
| 2007 | 3.3% | +1.2% |
| 2008 | 2.5% | -23.8% |
| 2009 | 2.6% | +5.3% |
| 2010 | 2.6% | -1.5% |
| 2011 | 2.7% | +2.7% |
| 2012 | 2.7% | +0.8% |
| 2013 | 2.7% | -0.6% |
| 2014 | 2.7% | -0.3% |
| 2015 | 2.5% | -4.7% |
| 2016 | 2.6% | +4.0% |
| 2017 | 2.8% | +4.9% |
| 2018 | 2.8% | +0.8% |
| 2019 | 2.5% | -10.1% |
| 2020 | 2.5% | -0.1% |
| 2021 | 2.6% | +3.1% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 3.1% | 2.9% | 3.3% | 10 |
| 1980s | 3.4% | 3.0% | 3.7% | 10 |
| 1990s | 3.2% | 3.0% | 4.0% | 10 |
| 2000s | 3.1% | 2.5% | 3.3% | 10 |
| 2010s | 2.6% | 2.5% | 2.8% | 10 |
| 2020s | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2 |
Countries ranked near Pre-demographic dividend
- 36 Finland 5.7% compare
- 37 Israel 5.6% compare
- 38 Republic of Moldova 5.5% compare
- 39 Chile 5.5% compare
- 40 Mozambique 5.4% compare
- 41 Cyprus 5.4% compare
- 42 Kyrgyzstan 5.3% compare
More economy & growth data for Pre-demographic dividend
- GDP (current US$), per capita 1,470 current US$ per person (2025)
- GNI (current US$), annual growth rate 9.75 % change on previous year (2025)
- GNI, Atlas method (current US$), per capita 1,431 current US$ per person (2025)
- GNI, Atlas method (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.9738 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- GNI, Atlas method (current US$), annual growth rate 0.7278 % change on previous year (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$), per capita 1,454 constant 2015 US$ per person (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$), per unit of GDP 0.9891 constant 2015 US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$), annual growth rate 3.57 % change on previous year (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), per unit of GDP 0.9499 current US$ per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$), per capita 1,396 current US$ per person (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is adjusted savings: education expenditure in Pre-demographic dividend?
- Adjusted savings: education expenditure in Pre-demographic dividend was 2.6% in 2021, according to Staff estimates, World Bank (WB).
- What is the highest adjusted savings: education expenditure recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
- The highest recorded value was 4.0% in 1990.
- What is the lowest adjusted savings: education expenditure recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
- The lowest recorded value was 2.5% in 2008.
- How does Pre-demographic dividend rank for adjusted savings: education expenditure?
- Pre-demographic dividend ranks 39th out of 47 groups with data for 2021.
- Is adjusted savings: education expenditure rising or falling in Pre-demographic dividend?
- Over the last ten years it is down 3.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Pre-demographic dividend data come from?
- The figures come from Staff estimates, World Bank (WB), published as part of Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.